Effect of Simplified Kundalini Yoga and Pranayama Practices on Selected Psychological Variables and Academic Performance of Secondary School Boys

The study was undertaken to find out the effect of simplified Kundalini yoga and pranayama on academic performance and selected psychological variables among schoolboys on aggression. To achieve the purpose of the study, 45 students studying various Higher Secondary Schools at Erode District were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 14 to 16 years. The subjects were divided into three groups of fifteen each (n=15) randomly. Experimental Group I underwent simplified Kundalini yoga, Experimental Group II underwent Pranayama, and Group III is Control group were kept under active rest. The training period is for three days per week for eight weeks, in addition to the school curriculum. All the subjects were tested on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training period. The result of the study that there is a significant difference in the adjusted post-test means of the simplified Kundalini yoga group and the pranayama practice group and control group. It was identified that the simplified yoga group is better than the pranayama group and control group in improving explosive strength.


Introduction
In day to day life, only certain parts of the body are functioning according to the nature of work. All the parts of the body should function properly to maintain the body fit. It is necessary that a simplified exercise is a must to make the parts of the body function to a minimum level. There are many kinds of physical exercises in the world. Vethathiri Maharishi has chosen the best ones from around the world, analyzed them with his medical experience, practiced them for a long period, and enjoyed their benefits. Then he gave it to us as a simplified physical exercise. This exercise does not strain the body, consumes less time, and benefits are better.
"Physical body, life force, and mind are inter linked and Inter connected in the existence of man." -Vethathiri Maharishi

Objectives of the Study
To find out the effect of simplified Kundalini yoga and pranayama practices on selected psychological variables and academic performance of school boys.

Statement of the Problem
In the modern world, there were many types of research going on to find out the way to improve their performances in the study and other skills of the students they were trying to find a medicine for this, but it may lead to side effects to the children. My view is to find a solution to this using simplified Kundalini yoga and pranayama practices for school children.

Delimitation
The study was delimited to the following. 1. To achieve the purpose of the study, fortyfive boy's students studying various Higher Secondary Schools, Erode District, TamilNadu, India, during the year 2018-2019 was selected as subjects. 2. The age of the subjects ranged from 14 to 16 years. 3. The subjects were divided randomly into three groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group, I underwent simplified Kundalini yoga, Group II underwent Pranayama, and Group III acted as Control. 4. The duration of the training period was restricted to eight weeks, and the number of sessions per week was confined to three. 5. The dependent variables, Aggression, and Academic Performance were chosen for this study. 6. The selected criterion variables for the study were assessed by the following standardized test items. Aggression was assessed by Smith's Aggressive Questionnaire. 7. All the subjects' were undergone pre and post-test.

Limitation
• Psychological factors, food habits, rest periods, life style, etc., were not be controlled. • The previous experience of the subjects in the field of sports and games, which might influence the training and data, were considered. • The weather conditions, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, and meteorological factors during testing and training periods, were considered.

Selection of Subjects
For the study, 45 boy students who are studying various Higher Secondary Schools at Erode District selected randomly have the subjects for this study. Their age is between 14 to 26 years.

Methodology
In this study, forty-five boy's studying various Higher Secondary Schools from Erode District were selected as subjects randomly and divided randomly into three groups fifteen each, namely Experimental Group I underwent Simplified Kundalini yoga (n=15), Experimental Group II underwent Pranayama, (n=15), and Control Group III kept under active rest (n=15). The training period is limited to 8 weeks and for three days per week.

List of Pranayama
All the subjects in group II were practiced the following Pranayamas.

Aggression Test
Standardized Smith's questionnaire for sporting aggression was used to scale the aggressiveness.
The test consists of four questions, with five levels of responses. The level changes from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree.' The respondents were made to encircle the approximate number, which suited their attitude.
The inventory was scored with the help of the scoring key given below. The range of scores was from 4 to 20. The higher the score, the more aggressive the player is.

Scoring
The total scores were recorded as the individual scores. The Aggression Questionnaire is given in Appendix-II.

Academic Performances
The students were regular school going students, and their marks of quarterly and half-yearly examination total marks were assessed. Their regular classes, along with simplified Kundalini yoga and Pranayama, were given to the experimental groups I and II.

Aggression
The Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on Aggression of experimental groups and control group, have been analyzed and presented in Table. The table shows that the adjusted post-test mean value of Aggression for Simplified Kundalini yoga group, Pranayama Group, and the Control Group are 20.70, 22.65, and 24.52, respectively. The obtained F-ratio for 26.20 of adjusted post-test mean it is 3.23 for df 2, and 41 is more than the value of required significance at .05 level of confidence.

Analysis of Covariance on Aggression of Experimental Groups and the Control Group
There are significant differences among the Simplified Kundalini yoga group, Pranayama Group, and the Control Group on the development of Aggression. To determine the results of the study, Scheffe's test was applied as a Post hoc test, and the results are presented in Table. and 1.87 respectively. The value 1.32 is greater than the confidence interval, which shows significant differences at .05 level of confidence.

The Schaffer's Test for the Differences between the Adjusted Post Test Paired Means on Aggression
The results of the study show that there is a significant difference in Aggression between the adjusted post-test means of three Groups. However, the improvements in the Aggression level were significantly bigger in the Simplified Kundalini yoga Group than in the Pranayama Practices Group and Control Group.
It has been concluded that the Simplified Kundalini yoga Group is better than the two other Groups in the Aggression level.

Academic Performance
The Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on Academic Performance of experimental groups and control group, have been analyzed and presented in the table. The table shows that the adjusted posttest mean value of Academic Performance for Simplified Kundalini yoga group and Pranayama Practices Groups and the Control Group are 435.00, 422.00, and 390.00, respectively. The obtained F-ratio for 32.09 for adjusted posttest means it is 3.23 for df 2 and 41 more than the value of required significance at .05 level of confidence.

Analysis of Covariance on Academic Performance of Simplified Kundalini Yoga Group pranayama Practices Group and Control Group
There are significant differences among the Simplified Kundalini yoga group and Pranayama Practices Groups and the Control Group on the development of Academic Performance. To determine the results of the study, Scheffe's test was applied as a Post hoc test, and the results are presented in The table shows that the adjusted posttest means a difference in Simplified Kundalini yoga Group and Pranayama Practices Group, Simplified Kundalini yoga Group and Control Group, Pranayama Practices Group, and Control Group are 13.00, 45.00 and 32.00respectively. The values are higher than the confidence interval value 1.03, which shows significant differences at .05 level of confidence.
It has been concluded from the results of the study that there is a significant difference in Academic Performance between three Groups. Were the differences in academic Performance were significantly higher for Simplified Kundalini yoga Group than the Pranayama Practices Group, and Control Group. It is be concluded that the Simplified Kundalini Yoga Group is better than the Groups in improving Academic Performance.

Conclusions
Based on the result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. There was a significant difference between the Simplified Kundalini Yoga group and the Pranayama group when compared to the control group on psychological variables of Aggression due to Simplified Kundalini Yoga and Pranayama Practices. 2. There was a significant improvement in academic performance due to the Simplified Kundalini Yoga group and Pranayama group when compared to the control group. 3. Simplified Kundalini Yoga group was found to be better than the Pranayama Practices group and control group in Aggression and Academic performance.