Covid-19 and its Impact on Human Life: An Empirical Study

Amid COVID-19 or Coronavirus outbreak, India has been hit by many major outbreaks since the earliest days, as SARS outbreak, swine flu outbreak, HIV/AIDS, Dengue and Chicken Gunya etc. But none of the outbreak was as widespread and as fatal as COVID-19. In this article, we have to discuss about the major outbreaks in the World in general and in India in particular which have been occurred and caused for the severe death tolls over a period of time. By introducing the history of various epidemic and pandemic diseases, then we have to focus mainly on the impact of COVID-19 on the human life among the selected respondents through a well-designed questionnaire. The data has been collected through online. The online questionnaire has been circulated to around 500 persons of various occupations and received from 287 persons. The data has been tabulated and analysed in the following pages. The main purpose of the study is, how the people responded for Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi on lock-down as well as maintaining social distance, using Masks along with the socio-economic factors influenced by COVID-19 during the lock-down period. The data has been collected during the third phase lock-down period in India.


Introduction
The name, coronavirus, is derived from Latin corona, meaning crown or wreath or halo. Due to their crown-like projections on the surfaces coronaviruses got their name. The virus resembles like a crown when viewed under an electron microscope. The word was first used in print in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to Designate the New Family of Viruses. The investigations by Chinese authorities have identified human cases with onset of symptoms in early December 2019. While some of the earliest known cases had a link to a wholesale food market in Wuhan, some did not. Officials confirm a case of COVID-19 in Thailand, the first recorded case outside of China.
Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold, which is caused also by certain other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses, while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The new coronavirus is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. The virus can cause a range of symptoms, ranging from mild illness to pneumonia. Symptoms of the disease are fever, cough, sore throat and headaches. In severe cases difficulty in breathing and deaths can occur. Still the world has not been found the new vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human corona virus infections.
Amid COVID-19 or Coronavirus outbreak, India has been hit by many major outbreaks since the earliest days, such as SARS outbreak, swine flu outbreak, HIV/AIDS, Dengue and Chicken Gunya etc. But none of the outbreak was as widespread and as fatal as . In this article, we have to discuss about the major outbreaks in the World in general and in India in particular which have been occurred and caused for the severe death tolls over a period of time. By introducing the history of various epidemic and pandemic diseases, then we have to focus mainly on the impact of COVID-19 on the human life among the selected respondents through a well-designed questionnaire. The data has been collected through online. Thev online questionnaire has been circulated to around 500 persons of various occupations and received from 287 persons. The data has been tabulated and to b e analysed in the following pages.

Need and Importance of the Study
In this backdrop, the present study is focussed on the impact of COVID-19 during the lockdown period in India in general and in the study area in particular. For this purpose, the data has been collected through a well-designed schedule from the selected people from various categories by mailing a questionnaire online. The collected online data has been analysed and presented below. About 287 people are responded for the questionnaire. The respondents are categorised as government. employees, private employees, business persons and others (Retired employees, contractors, housekeepers, students and scholars are come under this category).
The main purpose of the study is, how the people responded for Prime Minister of India, Sri Narendra Modi on lock-down as well as maintaining social distance, using Masks along with the socio-economic factors influenced by COVID-19 during the lockdown period. The data has been collected during the second lock-down period in India.

Objectives of the Study
The major objectives of the present study are as follows.
• To examine the origin and history of epidemics and pandemics in the world and in India • To describe the spread of COVID-19 in various parts of the country • To assess the opinion of public on the awareness in preventing COVID-19 • To analyse the impact of Lock-Down on the public • To assess the income levels and food habits of the people before and during COVID-19.

Origin and History of Pandemic Diseases
The origin and history of pandemic diseases are discussed in the following lines. As humans have spread across the world, so have infectious diseases. The diseases and illness have plagued humanity since the earliest days. The widespread trade created new opportunities for human and animal interactions with one country to other. The more civilized humans became with larger cities, more exotic trade routes and contact with different populations of people, animals and ecosystems, the more likely pandemics would occur. The following are some of the major pandemics that have been occurred over a period of time from very early years to the present days in the world and in India.
The widespread Antonina Plague during 165-180, believed to be either smallpox or measles and caused for the death toll of around 5 million population in the world. The Japanese smallpox is one of the epidemic disease entered in the human in 735 and continued for a period of 2 years. It is a Variola major virus and caused for the death toll of one million population. The plague of Justinian was spread to the human during 541-542. It origins from Yersinia pestis bacteria through rats and fleas and caused for the death of 30 to 50 million population. The Black Death, a Bubonic plague with Yersinia pestis bacteria occurred during 1347-1351 and caused for the death of 200 miliion population.
The New World Smallpox Outbreak during 1520 onwards caused for the death of 56 million population. The origin of this outbreak is a Variola major virus. Great Plague of London in 1665 (Yersinia Pestis bacteria/rats and fleas) damaged the life of 1,00,000 population. The Italian Plague of 1629-1631 (Yersinia Pestis bacteria/rats and fleas) also caused for the death of one million population. The Cholera Pandemics in 1923 (V. Cholera bacteria), caused for the death of another million plus population. The third world Plague (Yersinia Pestis bacteria / rats and fleas) was another outbreak in India and China and caused for the death of 12 million population in the two countries. The yellow fever during late 1800s in USA, a virus from mosquitoes happened with a death toll of 1,00,000 to 1,50,000 population in USA. The Russian Flu, believed to be H2N2 (avian origin) during 1889-1890 caused for the death toll of one million population.
Encephalitis Lethargica is also known as lethargic encephalitis. It was an epidemic and spread around the world between 1915 -1926. Encephalitis Lethargica was an acute contagious disease where the virus attacked the central nervous system of human beings. Encephalitis Lethargica was in its epidemic form in Europe but it was still sporadic in India. While the world was still fighting with Encephalitis Lethargica, a new virus spread out and was known as Spanish Flu. Spanish flu (1918)(1919)(1920) was caused by the deadly strain of avian influenza and was spread due to World War I, an origin from H1N1 virus through pigs was caused for a death toll of 40-to 50 million population. The Asian Flu of 1957-1958 with H2N2 virus makes a death toll of 1.1 million human population.
The Hong Kong Flu of 1968-1970 due to the H3N2 strain of influenza, a virus and within two months it reached India . American soldiers returning from Vietnam after the Vietnam War became the carrier of this virus to the US. It caused for the death toll of another one million population. The HIV/AIDS disease entered in the human from 1981 and makes a death toll of 25 to 35 million population as on today in the world. Swine Flu during 2009-2010 was caused for the death of 2,00,000 population which originated from H1N1 virus through pigs. Smallpox (1974) was caused by either of the two virus variants, Variola major or Variola minor. According to the reports, 60% of the smallpox cases globally were reported in India and was more virulent as compared to other parts of the world.
The pneumonic plague (1994), hit Surat and people fled from the city in large numbers. Rumours along with the misinformation worsen the situation and people hoarded the essential supplies. The mass migration from Surat to other parts of the country spread the disease across India. The main cause of the Plague was unhygienic conditions in the city such as open drains, poor sewage system etc. After the 21st century, SARS (2002SARS ( -2004 was the first severe disease which was transmissible from one person to another. It was a severe acute respiratory syndrome and the cause of SARS was similar to COVID-19, named SARS CoV. This virus was known for frequent mutations and was transmissible from one person to another and through coughing and sneezing. Dengue and Chikungunya (2006), outbreak both were mosquito-borne typical diseases and stagnation of water in different parts of the country provided breeding grounds for these mosquitos. It affected people across India. Several parts of the country were impacted due to these outbreaks and the highest number of patients were reported in the national capital i.e., Delhi. Many people in Gujarat were infected with Hepatitis B (2009), which caused by the transmission of the infected blood and other body fluids. Odisha witnessed the outbreak of Jaundice (2014 -2015) and the main cause was suspected to be the contaminated water. As per the reports, the drain water seeped through pipelines of drinking water making it unhealthy for drinking.
During the end months of 2014, several reports of the H1V1 virus started to rise. Swine flu is a type of influenza virus and in 2014, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi, Maharashtra and Telangana were among the worst affected states due to the virus. Even after several public awareness drives, by March 2015, about 33,000 cases were reported across the country and about 2000 people lost their lives.
The city of Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh witnessed an increase in the number of deaths of children due to the Encephalitis outbreak through mosquito bites in 2017. These children died of Japanese encephalitis and acute encephalitis syndrome. Both of these viral infections cause inflammation of the brain which result in physical disabilities and even deaths in some cases. Nipah Virus outbreak (2018), an infection caused by fruit bats was reported in Kerala. Within a few days of its widespread of the virus, the state government implemented several protectionary measures in order to minimise the spread of the virus. Due to the preventive measures, by the month of June, the outbreak was curbed within Kerala.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. It is zoonotic, thus can be transmitted between animals and people. Common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties, loss of identifying the smell and taste. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.Many pandemic outbreaks outbreaks have been eliminated from India with the help of proper hygiene and sanitization practices but COVID-19 still prevails in India as well as in other parts of the world.
As per the AIIMS, the infection spreads through respiratory route i.e. respiratory droplets and direct human contact. Healthcare personnel are at risk of infection through respiratory routes and direct contact with infectious patients. Health experts suggested people should use masks and wash their hands. Novel coronavirus displayed several other symptoms. The disease continues to spread in Asia and across the world. Not only this, Coronavirus can also spread between people which raised the possibility of increased transmissions.
It is said that coronavirus belongs to the same family as the SARS virus. The coronavirus disease is connected to a seafood market in China. According to WHO, a Chinese national travelling in Thailand was the first confirmed case of coronavirus infection outside China on 13th January 2020. The full genome of the new virus has been posted by the Chinese authorities and it has been named as 'novel coronavirus 2019' (nCoV-2019). As per the Center for Disease Control and Prevention which is closely monitoring an outbreak caused by a new coronavirus in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.

Coronavirus and its History
Coronavirus spreads in more than 200 countries and territories across the world and is declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. The first case of novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Sometimes people also report diarrhoea, pneumonia, bronchitis. It is common in people who have a weak immune system, in infants, older adults, etc.

Treatment or How to Prevent an Infection
• Regular hand washing • During coughing and sneezing, cover mouth and nose • Properly cooked meat and eggs • Avoid contact from the person showing symptoms of respiratory illness Therefore, we can say that there is no proper cure and treatments including taking care of yourself and over-the-counter (OTC) medication. • Do proper rest and avoid overexertion • Drink enough water • Avoid smoking and smoky areas • Take medicine to reduce pain and fever • Use a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporiser Standard Precautions include basic hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, respiratory etiquettes, and environmental disinfection.

Spread of Coronavirus Disease
• While coughing and sneezing, an infection spread into the air and spread the virus • While touching or shaking hands with an infected person can also pass the virus • Making in contact with a surface or object that has a virus and while touching nose, eyes or mouth • Rarely, coronavirus may spread through contact with faces

Survival Period of Coronavirus over the Surfaces or Objects
It is not certain how long the virus of COVID-19 survives on surfaces. Some studies reveal including preliminary information on the COVID-19, virus may persist on surfaces for hours or up to several days. This may vary under different conditions like the type of surface, temperature or humidity of the environment. It is necessary to clean the surface or disinfectant to kill the virus and protect yourself and others. Clean your hands with soap and water and with an alcohol-based hand rub. Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, or nose. Therefore, we can say that coronavirus is a large family of viruses that cause illness from the common cold to more severe diseases.

COVID-19 Cases in India
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, Central and concerned state governments have taken steps to identify the COVID-19 cases and are conducting tests frequently. The following table 1 and diagram 1 revels the number of cases at all India level as on 18th June 2020. For the first 58 days 1,00,000 COVID tests were covered in the country as a whole. By 12th May 2,00,000 cases were tested and as on June 18th 2020 6,12,000 cases were tested at all India level.  As per the direction of the Prime Minister Sri. Narendra Modi, a 14 hour Janata Curfew (people's Curfew) was followed in India to protest COVID-19 and to motivate the public to take preventive measures against COVID-19. All the Indians were followed the Modi's announcement for 14 hours Janata Curfew and this causes for a series of regulations in the country's COVID-19 affected regions in the country. The following are the phases of Lockdown followed in India as ordered by the Central government under the able leadership of the Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modiji to control the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India. • Phase I: 25th March 2020 -14th April 2020 (21 days) • Phase II: 15th April 2020 -3rd May 2020 (19 days) • Phase III: 4th May 2020 -17th May 2020 (14 days)

Methods of Lockdown
The following are various methods of following lockdown in India.
• Ban on people from stepping out of their homes • All services and shops closed except pharmacies, hospitals, banks, grocery shops and other essential services • Closure of commercial and private establishments (only work-from-home allowed) • Suspension of all educational, training, research institutions • Closure of all places of worship • Suspension of all non-essential public and private transport • Prohibition of all social, political, sports, entertainment, academic, cultural, religious activities

Prohibitions during Lockdown Period
The lockdown restricted people from stepping out of their homes. All transport services such as road, air and rail were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of essential goods, fire, police and emergency services. Educational institutions, industrial establishments and hospitality services were also suspended. Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs, petrol pumps, other essentials and their manufacturing are exempted.

Relaxations in Lockdown
From 4 May 2020, the lockdown was eased with several relaxations in all zones as per the guidelines of Ministry of Home Affairs.

Impact of Lockdown
The Food delivery services were banned by several state governments despite the central government's approval. Thousands of people emigrated out of major Indian cities, as they became jobless after the lockdown. Due to the lockdown, more than 350 deaths were reported with reasons ranging from starvation, suicides, exhaustion, road and rail accidents, police brutality and denial of timely medical care. Among the reported deaths, most were among the marginalised migrants and labourers.

Empirical Analysis on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Public Life
To examine the impact of COVID-19 and to know the behaviour and performance of the various sections of the society on the Lockdown measures by the Central and State governments, an empirical study has been conducted through online method and the results to be focussed in the following lines.

Age-Wise and Occupation-Wise Distribution of Respondents
The impact of COVID-19 on the public life, measures taken by the governments to prevent COVID-19, precautionary measures taken by the public for self-protection from COVID-19 such as changing food habits, wearing masks, using sanitizer and maintaining social distance, and problems faced during lockdown period are to be assessed in this paper with the help of collected data from 287 respondents from various parts of Andhra Pradesh and some from other parts of the country also. The occupation-wise and age-wise distribution of respondents is presented in table 2 and illustrated in diagram 2. It reveals that out of 140 government employees, 8.57% are in the age group of less than 25 years, 36.43% are between 26 and 40 years of age, 47.14% are in the age group of 41-60 years and the remaining 7.86% are in the above 60 years of age.

Figure 2: Occupation Wise Distribution of Respondents (in Years)
It may also noticed that out of 57 private employees under study, 15.79% are in the age group of less than 25 years of age, 47.37% are between 26 and 40 years of age, 36.84% are in the age group of between 41 and 60 years. It may also observed that out of 14 business persons, 14.29% are in the age group of less than 25 years, 28.57% are between 26 and 40 years, 35.71% are in the age group of 41.60 years and the remaining 21.43% are in the age group of above 60 years. Out of 76 respondents from other category such as retired employees, contractors, students and house wives etc., 19.74% are in the age group of less than 25 years, 38.16% are between 26 and 40 years of age, 30.26% are between 41 and 60 years of age and the remaining 124.47% are in the above 60 years of age.

Gender-Wise Distribution of Respondents
As shown in        As called by the Prime Minister of India, all the Indians are followed the lockdown from 25th March 2020 to 31st May 2020 in 5 phases in the country as a whole. The data has been collected from all corners during 3rd Phase of lockdown period. It reveals that out of 140 government employees, 93.57% are followed the lockdown without any deviation and the remaining 6.43% are not followed strictly (table 6 and diagram 6). It shows that 98.25% of private employees, 100% of the business people and 97.37% of others are followed the lockdown strictly as per the government direction to protect from COVID-19.

Following Social Distance to Protect from Corona by Sample Respondents
The behavior of the public in maintaining social distance outside the home or in the market places is observed and reveals that 95.71% of the government employees, 98.25% of the private employees, 92.86% of the business persons and 92.11% of others are informed that they are following social distancing in the market and public places to prevent themselves from the Corona virus (see table 7 and diagram 7). It may also noticed that 3.57% of government employees, 1.75% of private employees, 7.14% of business people, and 6.58% of others are partially followed the social distancing in the public places. Only 0.71% of government employees and 1.32% of others are not followed the social distancing due to their negligence in taking precautionary measures against COVID-19.

Wearing Masks Outside the Home
To protect from COVID-19, the experts as well as WHO and the Central and State governments are strictly instructed to wear the face masks outside the house as there is a possibility of spreading the Corona virus from one to others through droplets. By following this advice, most of the population in the world as well as in India are wearing face masks. In this background, it is observed that 95% of government employees, 98.25% of the private employees, 100% of business people and 88.16% of others under review are wearing face masks (table 8 and diagram 8). Out of total 287 respondents under study, 94.08% are wearing masks to protect from COVID-19.

Practice of Maintaining Social Distance by the Public
The opinion of the respondents on maintaining social distancing by the public is observed that out of 14 government employees under review, 70.71% opined that the public are also following the social distancing in the market and public places for selfprotection from COVID-19 (table 9 and diagram 9).

Figure 8: Using Mask outside the House
It may also observed that 64.91% of private employees observed that other people are also following social distancing. It reveals that 64.47% of business people informed that the public are following social distancing in the public places. Out of 287 respondents under review, 67.25% opined that the other people are also following social distancing in the public places and 32.75% informed that the people are not following the social distance to prevent COVID-19.

Frequency of Using Sanitizer
It reveals that 70% of the government employees, 64.91% of the private employees, 85.71% of the business persons and 76.32% of others are frequently using sanitizer to protect from Corona virus (table 120 and diagram 10). It may also noticed that 26.43% of the government employees, 33.33% of the private employees, 7.41% of the business persons and 22.37% of others are frequently using sanitizer. Only 3.57% of the government employees, 1.75% of private employees, 7.14% of business persons and another 1.32% of others are reported that they never applying sanitizer.

Classified Zones to Indicate Severity of COVID-19
To control and to inform the severity in the spread of COVID-19 and based on the spread of COVID-19 the areas are classified as green zone, orange zone and red zone. As shown in

Bored of Staying Free during Lockdown Period at Home
It may be observed that 43.57% government employees, 43.86% of private employees, 64.29% of business persons and 60.53% of others informed that they are bored of staying at home during the lockdown period (table 12 and diagram 12). It reveals that 56.43% of government employees, 56.14% of private employees, 35.71% of business persons and 39.47% of others informed that they are not feeling bored due to stay at home during COVID-19 period.

Way of Spending Time during Lockdown Period
It may be observed that out of 287 respondents, 52.26% of the respondents are watching TV during lockdown period. About 6% are informed that they are reading newspapers and books. 8.71% of the respondents spend their time with their children and other family members, 3.83% were helped in domestic works like cooking food, cleaning house etc. Another 12.89% were involved in their occupational duties from home and 16.03% spent their time by using WhatsApp / Facebook / internet games etc, (table 13 and diagram 13). It may also noticed that 57.86% of government employees, 31.58% of private employees, 50% of business persons and 57.89% of others spent their time by watching TV during lockdown period. About 5% of government employees, 8.77% of private employees, 7.14% of business people and 6.58% of others utilized their time during lockdown for reading newspapers and books, they interested. It may be observed that 7.86% of government employees, 10.53% of private employees, 14.29% of business people and 7.89% of others spent their time with their children and other family members.

Figure 13: Way of Spending Time during Lock -Down Period
As shown in table 13, 3.57% of government employees, 5.26% of private employees, 7.14% of business people and 2.63% of others helped their partners in cooking food, cleaning utensils, washing cloths and cleaning home etc., Another 13.57% of government employees, 29.82% of private employees, and 1.32% of others involved in their occupational duties through work from home and 12.14% of government employees, 14.04% of private employees, 21.43% of business people and 16.03% of others spent their time by using WhatsApp/ Facebook / internet games etc.,

Facing Mental Tension due to Stay at Home during Lockdown
Due to lockdown, many persons in the society faced different problems as they spend their whole time at home such as mental tensions, fear about COVID-19, loss of income and employment etc. It is observed that out of 287 respondents under review, 62.72% were faced mental tensions due to spending of their time at home lonely. On the other, 37.28% have no tensions even lockdown period (table 14  and diagram 14). It may also noticed that 63.57% of government employees, 64.91% of private employees, 35.71% of business people and 64.47% of others informed that they facing mental tensions due to their stay at home during lockdown period.

Opinion on the Willingness to Continue Lock-down
The people are facing many socio-economic problems in following lockdown even though it is one of the safe method to prevent COVID-19. To observe this, the opinion of the public has been collected on their willingness to continue lockdown for another 14 days of time. It shows that 84.12% of the total respondents are willing to continue lockdown as it is the only safe measure to control COVID-19 (table 15 and diagram 15).  It may also noticed that 83.57% of government employees, 85.96% of private employees, 85.71% of business people and 84.21% of others expressed their willingness to continue lockdown in the country as well as in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It reveals that out of 287 respondents under review, 84.23% are expressed their willingness to continue lockdown and the remaining 12.20% expressed their dissatisfaction to continue lockdown as they are suffering with economic problems.

Using BP Tablets for Hypertension
Having hypertension is one of the health problem to face the corona virus. For this reason, we have been observed the using of BP tablets by the respondents to know the severity of attacking the COVID-19 disease. It may be observed that out of 287 sample respondents, 33.10% are using BP tablets for hypertension (table 16 and diagram 16). It reveals that 30.71% of government employees, 28.07% of private employees, 50% of business people and 38.16% of others are using BP tablets for controlling hypertension. On the other, 69.29% of government employees, 71.93% of private employees, 50% of business people and 61.84% of others are not using BP tablets. It shows that there is a low possibility of attacking COVID-19 for these people.

Suffering from Malaria
Suffering from malaria may also one of the reason for easy attack of corona virus. It is observed that out of 287 respondents, 19.51% informed that they suffered from malaria in their lifetime. About 11.85% observed that may be,l they suffered from Malaria and 68.64% informed that they were not suffered from Malaria (table 17 and diagram 17). It reveals that 10.17% of government employees, 12.28% of private employees, 11.84% of business people and 21.43% of others informed that may be, they suffered from Malaria. About 67.86% of government employees, 71.93% of private employees, 42.86% of business people and 72.37% of others informed that they have not been suffered from Malaria. It shows that 21.43% of government employees, 35.71% of business people, and 15.79% of others informed that they suffered from Malaria. It shows that the probability of attack of COVID-19 is less among the sample respondents under study.

BCG Vaccine Taken by Respondents
As per the information from the medical science experts, spread of COVID-19 is low in the persons who have taken BCG vaccine. It is observed that out of 287 respondents, 21.60% of respondents informed that, may be, they have taken BCG vaccine and 35.54% of the respondents informed that they have taken BCG vaccine (table 18 and diagram 18).  It is observed that about 35% of government and private employees each, 50% of business people and 34.21% others have taken BCG vaccine. It may also noticed that 18.57% of government employees, 21.05% of private employees, 35.71% of business people and 25% of others informed that, may be, they have taken BCG vaccine.

Chronic Health problems of the Respondents
During the lockdown period, there is no proper medical and health facilities to the public to consult the doctors for chronic health problems well as other health problems. It is observed that only 10.45% of the respondents have suffering from chronic health problems (table 19 and diagram 19). It reveals that 12.14% of government employees, 5.26% of private employees, 7.14% of business persons and 11.84% of others have suffering from chronic health problems and they are unable to visit the hospitals due to lockdown in the country.

Consulting Doctors during Lockdown Period
Many of the public who have suffered from health problems are unable to visit the hospitals in the lockdown period. The same is observed and presented in table 20 and illustrated in diagram 20. It reveals that only 16.72% were consulted the doctors, 17.77% of respondents informed that they tried to visit the doctors, but due to lockdown in the country, doctors were not available and another 65.51% of respondents informed that they have no need for immediate consultation with the doctors.

Food Consumption Behaviour of Respondents
Due to insecurity from COVID-19, many of the population are taking care in their dietary habits. To know the care on food habits to prevent from corona, the data has been collected before and during the lockdown period on the food habits of respondents. It reveals that before COVID-19, 68.57% of government employees consumed normal food and during the lockdown period or during COVID-19, only 36.43% of government employees are taking normal food and they diverted to other food habits (tables 21, 22 and diagrams 21, 22).  It may also noticed that before COVID-19, 31.43% of government employees consumed brown rice and millets and during COVID-19 63.57% of the government employees are consuming brown rice and millets. Before COVID-19 50.71% of government employees included non-veg as one of the dietary item weekly and during COVID-19, only 44.29 % of government employees are taking non-veg. Before COVID-19, 23.57% of government employees have taken fruits along with regular food and during the COVID-19, 48.57% of them are taking fruits to increase immunity. Consumption of snacks by government employees before COVID-19 are only 13.57% and during COVID-19 their number increased to 34.29%. It may also observed that before COVID-19, 71.93% of private employees have taken normal food and during COVID-19 their percentage declined to 49.12% due to diversion in taking food. Before COVID-19, 28.07% of private employees consumed brown rice and millets and during COVID-19, 50.88% are consuming brown rice and millets. Before COVID-19, 43.86% of private employees have taken non-veg along with their regular diet and during COVID-19, 54.39 percent of them are consuming non-veg. It reveals that before COVID-19, 19.30% of private employees consumed fruits and during COVID-19, 64.91% of them are consuming fruits. Before COVID-19, 15.79% of private employees consumed snacks and 45.61% are consuming snacks.
It reveals that before cOVID-19, 64.29% of business people have taken normal food and during COVID-19, only 28.57% of business people are taking normal food. It shows that before COVID-19, 35.71% of business people have consumed brown rice and millets and during COVID-19, 71.43% are consuming brown rice and millets. Before COVID-19 pandemic, 64.29% of business people consumed non-veg and during COVID-19, 85.71% of them are consuming non-veg. Before COVID-19, fruits are consumed by 28.57% of business persons and 50% of others and during COVID-19, 42.86% of business persons and 76.82% of others are consuming fruits. It may also reveals that before COVID-19, snacks consumed by 35.71% of business persons and 15.79% of others and during COVID-19, snacks consumed by 64.29% of business people and 35.53% of others.
It may be observed that out of 287 respondents under study, before COVID-19, normal food taken by 68.99% of respondents, brown rice and millets taken by 31.01%, non-veg consumed by 56.79% of respondents, fruits consumed by 29.97% of respondents and snacks as a diet by 15.68% of respondents. During COVID-19, normal food taken by 38.68%, brown rice and millets taken by 61.32%, non-veg as a diet by 58.54% of respondents, fruits are consuming by 58.89% of respondents and snacks as a diet by 38.33% of respondents. It shows that due to COVID-19, the food habits are changed by all the category of respondents to improve their immunity power to control COVID-19.

Conclusions
The developing country like India has been facing a variety of epidemics and pandemics from very early days. Various cases of influenza, cholera, dengue, smallpox and several others have been observed throughout the history of India. Only we have been able to eradicate some of them and many diseases still continue to pose a threat to the human population. It is not uncommon for sudden and rapid outbreaks happening in India and the main cause may be environmental problems, poor sanitary conditions, lack of proper public health system in many parts of the country.
For various known and unknown conditions, now India is one of the worst sufferer from recent COVID-19. At the global level, many of the developed and developing countries are suffering from COVID-19. At the beginning of spread of COVID-19, India has been in safe place and recently India reaches to 4th place in COVID cases with 3,95,812 cases against the total global level cases of 87,65,303. To control Corona virus in the country, central and state governments have taken up various measures such as Janata Curfew, 5 Phases of lockdown, directed the public to wear Masks and use of sanitizers along with following social distancing to prevent from COVID-19. The article focused on the health problems of sample respondents, their food consumption behavior, measures taken to selfprotection from COVID-19.
Even though, the governments, media and experts are suggesting the public to follow lockdown, social distancing, wearing of masks, using sanitization and to avoid to come out from the homes unnecessarily, many of the public are not following the instructions. The people themselves to follow the precautionary measures to protect the spread of COVID-19. The shopkeepers are not providing proper sanitizers at the shops. To avoid the pandemic proper diet should be followed by the public themselves. The data for the present study has been collected at the 3rd phase of lockdown and received many positive issues from the public on COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to educate the public from NGOs, NSS and NCC cadres on prevention and self-protection from COVID-19 pandemic in the country.