Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S S Ramya Author-Workplace-Name: Stella Maris College Author-Name: Rebecca Devaprasad Author-Workplace-Name: Stella Maris College Title: An Investigation into the Implementation Approaches of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana in Four South Indian States Abstract: The majority of India’s overall health expenses are incurred through out-of-pocket spending, and the country’s national health policies are aimed at reducing out-of-pocket expenditure in order to achieve universal health coverage and provide access to healthcare services for all. In such context, Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, the largest health insurance programme, was launched in 2018 with theview of providinghealthcare coverage of Rs.5,00,000 per household per year. The financial support for secondary and tertiary healthcare services offered by both public and private empaneled providers is supplied to India’s underprivileged households. There are three different models used for implementing the scheme, and the states choose a model with their own state insurance schemes to execute PM-JAY. In order to monitor the implementation in each state, State Health Agencies (SHA) have been set up and have been assigned to monitor all the operations related to the scheme. Funds for the scheme are distributed to the SHAs jointly by the central and state governments. The present study aims to analyse the mode of implementation by the share of private and public hospitals empaneled in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu by using secondary data sources from government websites, reports, and data repositories. Keywords: Healthcare Service, Health Insurance, Pradhan Mantri - Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), State Health Agency (SHA), Hospitals Empanelled Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 1-9 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6382 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6382 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6382/6193 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poornima Thampy Author-Workplace-Name: Stella Maris College Author-Name: Rebecca Devaprasad Author-Workplace-Name: Stella Maris College Title: An Analysis of Demand for Foreign University Campuses in India Abstract: Students going abroad for education is not a recent phenomenon but the number of students leaving the country for higher education overseas indicates that cross-border education has become more prominent in recent decades. As per the data submitted by the education ministry in Parliament in February 2023, the number of Indian students going abroad for higher education stood at 7,50,365 in 2022. This is 68% higher compared to 4,44,553, students who went abroad in 2021. This tendency of young productive minds to seek education abroad and even settle there impacts the country on several fronts and the economic challenges this poses are significant. India is currently facing a serious brain drain as more students prefer to get settled abroad. To address this rampant movement of students and to reduce the economic threat that migration puts on India, an attempt is being made by the University Grants Commissionto permit well-known and highly ranked leading foreign institutions to set up international branch campuses in the country.This research investigates the factors that influence students to move abroad and forecasts the demand for foreign universities when opened in India. The study collected responses from 110 students from an opinion poll survey through google forms. The data collected were analyzed using cross-tabulation which identified exposure, quality of education and better employment opportunities as major reasons to migrate. Additionally, it also revealed that the demand for foreign universities will be less in India. Keywords: International Branch Campuses, Foreign Universities, Student Preference, Higher Education, Exposure, Quality of Education Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 10-17 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6383 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6383 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6383/6195 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:10-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dhiren Barman Author-Workplace-Name: Seacom Skills University Author-Name: Gouri Sankar Bhunia Author-Workplace-Name: Seacom Skills University Title: An Evaluation of Physical and Socio-Economic Expansion of Bankura Municipality Abstract: Urbanization can be viewed as a significant socioeconomic change process that is mostly brought on by the population increase of towns. However, based on a wide range of geographical circumstances, the nature and dimensions of urbanisation and urban development are found to differ across the micro-level of the Bankura district. With this context, an analysis of the spatiotemporal variance in urbanisation patterns in the Bankura Municipality is attempted in this study, along with an examination of its effects on socioeconomic, infrastructure, and demographic traits. Ward-wise socio-economic information have been collected from the Bankura Municipality. All these data have been processed and integrated into GIS platform to measure spatial variation of urban landscape. Results showed that Wards 11 and 22 contained a sizable portion of the population. The population was found in Wards 7, 10, 15, and 19 in a moderate amount. The central ward of the town, number 2, had a very high literacy rate of 80.81%, while number 19, in the southwest, had the lowest literacy rate at 44.87%. The central area of the city is where the majority of the government buildings are located. The eastern region of the city was where the general business centres could be found. Most of the educational centres (college and school) were located in the central and western part. Keywords: Social Landscape, Economic Landscape, GIS, Bankura Municipality Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 18-23 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6510 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6510 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6510/6204 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:18-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P Devi Priya Author-Workplace-Name: Lady Doak College Title: Impression of COVID-19 on the Life Years of Inhabitants in Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: COVID-19 posed a threat to humankind’s ability to live and survive. The excessive infection and fatality would result in a fall in life expectancy. The pioneer study in India concluded that the lagged case fatality rate was fluctuating in the early days of infection. It was projected that if infection reaches 0.5 percent by the end of 2020, the longevity reduction would be 0.8 years (Mohanty et al., 2020). As of December 26th, 2021 Tamil Nadu stood fourth with the most epidemic cases in the country. COVID-19 has an estimated incidence rate of 25 per 1000 in India. Tamil Nadu was one of the states registering an incidence rate higher than the national average (36 per 1000). The paper examines the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy. The infection rate of the disease was higher among the males (59%) than the females (41%). The high old-age dependency ratio in the state has resulted in high fatalities among the elderly. Keywords: Social Landscape, Economic Landscape, GIS, Bankura Municipality Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 24-29 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6522 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6522 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6522/6206 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:24-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KR Srinivasan Author-Workplace-Name: Sourashtra College Author-Name: J Duraichamy Author-Workplace-Name: Sourashtra College Title: A Study on Customer Awareness towards Eco-Friendly Products in Madurai City Abstract: Environment is a major consideration for any project initialization because men and environment’s relationship has faced various changes over a decade, these changes cause both good and bad impacts in life style and climate and it is important to increase eco-friendly products to save environment and prevent nature in this study customer awareness towards eco-friendly products in Madurai city has been analysed and presented with statistical inference with the help of 183 respondents. Keywords: Eco-Friendly Products, Environment, Customer Awareness, Marketing, Customer Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 30-33 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6618 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6618 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6618/6208 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:30-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.M. Naveen Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Jain College Title: A Comparative Study of Ride-Hailing Services in India Abstract: The concept of the sharing economy has been around for a long time, and it has attracted a lot of academic and public attention. The earliest forms of transactions in human history involved bartering. The rise of the Internet has made it possible for people to connect with content and individuals they previously would have not been able to reach. The rise of the internet has provided marketers with numerous opportunities. The increasing number of platforms that allow people to share content has changed the way traditional industries operate. It has forced the operators of these businesses to rethink their strategies. The rapid emergence and growth of the taxi aggregators, such as Uber and Ola, has highlighted the importance of the platform economy. It is expected that it will play a significant role in reducing the carbon footprint of the industry and improving the efficiency of the operations of society. The rise of the platform economy has allowed various companies to alter their existing markets. For instance, the car rental industry in India has seen significant growth. The increasing number of customers who are looking for a hassle-free travel experience has prompted the demand for this service. Due to the emergence of new companies and the increasing number of international and national players in the car rental market, the industry is expected to grow significantly. These companies are providing various services to their customers, such as corporate services and chauffeur-driven cars. The Indian taxi market is estimated to be at about $9 billion, with less than 10% of it organized. The business has been growing at a fast pace and is regarded as one of the fastest-growing segments of the transportation industry in the country. This paper aims to study the various facets of the taxi industry and compare the two major platforms, namely, Ola and Uber, which have changed the way the middle-class commutes. The paper aims to analyze the various aspects of the car rental industry and compare the two major platforms, namely, Uber and Ola that have changed the way the middle class commutes. It is based on data collected from multiple sources. Keywords: Raid Hailing Services, Ola and Uber Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 34-39 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6655 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6655 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6655/6281 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:34-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Veerapandi Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University Author-Name: T. Ramanathan Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University Title: Changing Scenario of Agricultural Production in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu Abstract: India has a lengthy history of agriculture that dates back ten thousand years. Indian agriculture was developed about 9000 BC as a result of early plant domestication and crop and animal domestication. With the advancement of agricultural tools and methods, life quickly began. Indian economy was renowned for centuries for self-contained village communities prior to the introduction of British Rule. Agriculturists, cottage industrialists, village craftsmen, artisan professions, unskilled labourers, and village administrators made up village communities. In addition to supplying the requirements of the village economy, these communities were able to create and export a variety of goods to other nations. Agriculture was a way of life at the time, and farmers only produced for their own consumption. Food crops like wheat and rice were the most significant ones. People began to revere and respect plants and animals since they were seen as necessary to their survival. In India, farmers often cultivate crops on a small plot of land with the help of their families. The farmer and his family consume the majority of the crops produced by this method; there is very little extra to be sold on the market. For more than 700 years, this kind of agriculture has dominated the nation and continues to do so in many regions of India. Keywords: Agriculture, Crop Production, Adaptation, Livelihood Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 40-45 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6665 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6665 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6665/6282 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:40-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Loganathan Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University Title: Seventy Five Years of India's Trade Policies With Special Reference to Agricultural Sector: An Overview Abstract: After seventy-five years of independence, trade policies play an important role in promoting commerce and integrating India with other countries. At the time of independence, India’s commerce was limited to the British and Commonwealth members. Imports from the United Kingdom accounted for 31% of overall Indian imports. The true impetus for the process of import and export liberalisation came from the 1980s onwards, when export and import policies were developed for three years at a time.The Alexander Committee’s (1978) and Tandon Committee’s (1980) suggestions were included into the succeeding long-term export and import policies from 1985-86 to 1990-91. A policymaker’s topics for framing trade policies were export stimulation on the one hand and import relations on the other. Major economic changes in India in 1991, the foundation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) all played critical roles in the further liberalisation of trade policy in India. Signatory nations to the Agreement on farm, in particular, must drastically cut their tariff rates in order to enhance farm commerce by eliminating trade distortion. This agreement, however, sets the path for both developed and developing nations to apply Non-tariff Measures (NTM) as a trade restriction instrument. In this framework, the current research attempts to explore India’s trade policy during the last seventy-five years, with a focus on the agricultural sector. Keywords: Foreign Trade Policies (FTP), Non-tariff Measure (NTM), World Trade Organisation (WTO) Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 46-51 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 Month: September DOI: 10.34293/economics.v11i4.6666 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6666 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6666/6283 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:46-51