Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:A Kumudha
Author-Workplace-Name: Thiagarajar College 
Title: Impact of FRBM Act 2003 on Public Expenditure in India
Abstract: India is a developing nation experiencing lower socio-economic indicators, and widespread poverty and inequality exist in the economy. So, the development of the nation requires huge public expenditure in the social and infrastructure sectors. The contribution of taxes to the GDP ratio is very low in India, and the government could not meet the various public works with limited resources. In India, interest payments, defence, pensions, salaries, and subsidies are the major components of public expenditure and collectively occupy more than 60 percent of total public expenditure. The government plays a vital role in establishing a welfare society, and it has spent a huge amount on the development of the economy in various ways. Insufficient funds from the government require better utilisation of available sources of public expenditure and better management of the fiscal deficit. In 2003, the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act was enacted to maintain the fiscal deficit at 3 percent, establish financial discipline in the economy, reduce the fiscal deficit, and improve the administration of public resources. This act came into force in 2004. This study aims at understanding the trends and growth rate of public expenditure in India. The study found that after implementing the FRBM Act 2003 in India, the ACGR of subsidies, loans, advances, and capital outlays has increased, which is conducive to enhancing economic development.
Keywords: Public Expenditure, Revenue Expenditure, Capital Expenditure, Subsidies, etc.
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 1-11
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6708
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6708
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6708/6330
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:1-11


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:A Parkavi
Author-Workplace-Name: Periyar University
Author-Name:V Vaithianathan
Author-Workplace-Name: Periyar University 
Author-Name:E Uma Maheshwari
Author-Workplace-Name: K.S.R College of Arts and Science for Women
Title: The Long-term Impact of Women’s Engagement in Poultry Farming on Economic Empowerment, Well-being, and Community Development
Abstract: This comprehensive review paper examines the enduring influence of women’s involvement in poultry farming on economic empowerment, well-being, and community development. Drawing from a wide array of academic sources, the study explores the sustained economic impact of women’s participation, the evolving well-being outcomes, and the community development initiatives driven by empowered women in poultry farming. The Resource-Based Theory emerges as a pivotal framework, elucidating how access to resources enhances economic empowerment. The findings indicate a positive trajectory in income generation, access to resources, physical and mental health improvements, social connectedness, and community infrastructure development. This research underscores the importance of supporting women in poultry farming through targeted policies and programs to leverage the long-term benefits for individuals and communities.
Keywords: Women in Agriculture, Poultry Farming, Economic Empowerment, Well-being Outcomes, Sustainable Livelihoods.
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 12-19
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6771
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6771
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6771/6332
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:12-19


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C.M Naveen Kumar
Author-Workplace-Name: Jain College
Title: Green Marketing: Gains and Opportunities
Abstract: The promotion of eco-friendly initiatives, services, and products is referred to as green marketing. It involves a wide range of strategies and practices. Examples of this include the creation of eco-friendly products. Products marketed as environmentally safe are called “green marketing.” This practice involves a wide range of activities, such as product modification and the use of sustainable materials. It is essential for the existence of humans. It may take a long time to achieve this goal, but it will be very profitable. The key components of this strategy include the promotion of the product, the price, and the place of the product. These factors should be modified in order to encourage green marketing and reduce waste. The concept of green marketing has gained widespread recognition in the modern market. It has allowed companies to re-market and packages their products according to guidelines that are already in place. It has also opened up the possibility of companies branding their products in a way that promotes the green credentials of some while ignoring others. The concept of green marketing is gaining popularity in India. It is a strategy that aims to encourage environmentally friendly practices in the country. It is also used to promote products that are made from sustainable materials. Due to the increasing environmental hazards, it is very important that companies create awareness about the importance of protecting the environment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of green marketing in the Indian market. This paper also explores the various advantages of green marketing and its challenges. It explains the reasons why companies are starting to adopt this strategy.
Keywords: Green Marketing, Sustainability.
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 20-26
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6719
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6719
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6719/6331
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:20-26


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:Y Ebenezer
Author-Workplace-Name: Vel Tech University
Author-Name:K Jerhona Shamma
Author-Workplace-Name: Vel Tech University
Title: Rate of Inflation Between India and Developed Countries in the Recent Scenario
Abstract: Inflation is a crucial economic indicator used to assess the health of an economy, with the potential to create both positive and negative outcomes. Inflation rates can affect the decision-making process of key players in the economy such as producers, consumers, and policymakers. Therefore, maintaining a desirable rate of inflation is crucial for sustaining stable economic growth in the country. This study aimed to examine the difference in the rate of inflation between India and developed countries such as Germany, the UK, and the USA. The study utilized secondary data collected between 2010 and 2022 and applied descriptive statistics to assess the nature of inflation between the countries. The results indicate that India has been experiencing a high rate of inflation, while the developed countries have been experiencing moderate, creeping inflation during the study period. During the post-pandemic scenario, the rate of inflation in developed countries was found to be significantly higher than that of India. The study suggests that the government should implement a tight monetary and fiscal policy, similar to India’s, to maintain a moderate level of inflation in the country over time. Furthermore, political leaders have to maximise spending more on productive projects and minimize unproductive public expenditure to maintain fiscal and sustained price stability and achieve sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Inflation Rate, Economic Growth, India, Developed Countries
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 27-32
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6709
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6709
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6709/6333
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:27-32


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:S Bhuvanesvari
Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University
Author-Name:R Manikandan
Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University
Author-Name:K Sowmitha
Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University
Title: Economic Valuation of Recreational-benefits and Visitation Rate of Selected Lakes in Coimbatore City: An Application of Travel Cost Method
Abstract: Lakes provide direct and indirect use values and benefits; it was support to human well-being. The recreational values and benefits are one of the direct use values of the lake. It includes enjoying nature with family and friends for relaxation,boating rides, parks, and enjoying other facilities available in the lakes. The Periyakulam/Ukkadam Lake and Valankulam Lake in Coimbatore City have been chosen for this study. The convenient sampling method was adopted to confirm the sample size,from Ukkadam Lake 70 sample visitors and from Valankulam Lake 50 sample visitors have been selected for this study. This study explores the recreational value and visitation rate of selected lakesby using the Travel Cost Method with application of multiple regression. The study found out the Ukkadam lake recreational value was Rs. 1062.78/visit and the Valankulam lake recreational value was Rs. 619.94/ visit gained by sample visitors. The regression result show that R2value was 0.377, and the lake visitation rate was determined by the travel cost, monthly income of the visitors, mode of transport, type of visit, recreational benefits,and distance traveled to reach the Lake. The Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation made a good effort in lake restoration process, it was benefits to the visitors. In this study, visitors stated some drawbacks in facilities available in lakes. The Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation should take necessary actions to improve the facilities in the lakes. This will make the path for sustainability of recreational benefits.
Keywords: Lakes, Recreation benefits, Economic Value, Travel Cost Method, Visitation Rate
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 33-42
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6838
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6838
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6838/6334
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:33-42


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Y Ebenezer
Author-Workplace-Name: Vel Tech University
Author-Name: N Savitha
Author-Workplace-Name: VIT
Title: Performance of Food Processing Industries (FPI) in India
Abstract: Food processing industries are a crucial component of the Indian economy’s industrial sector. They play a pivotal role in ensuring food security, providing employment opportunities in both rural and urban areas, contributing significantly to the country’s GDP, and generating significant export revenue. The performance of the food processing industry plays a crucial role in shaping the Indian economy. The objective of the study is to analyze the Gross Value Added, Revenue, and FDI of the food processing industry in India’s current scenario. The study has been conducted using secondary information and measurable tools. According to the study, food processing industries have managed to maintain a similar level of performance in terms of Gross Value Added (GVA) and revenue generation. However, the growth value of exports and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow has shown a decline in performance during the post-COVID-19 period under review. Finally, the study suggested that the Indian government should make legislative policy and fiscal policies for assistance to improve the performance of food processing industries.
Keywords: COVID-19, Food Processing Industries, Export Value, FDI, GVA, Indian Economy
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 43-49
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6710
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6710
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6710/6335
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:43-49


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:K Madhura
Author-Workplace-Name: University College
Author-Name:B Raghavendra
Author-Workplace-Name: University Evening College
Author-Name:BM Ramakrishna
Author-Workplace-Name: University Evening College
Title: A Study on the Impact of Psychological and Emotional Factors on Women Labours in Cashew Industry in Dakshina Kannada District
Abstract: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) holds a vital position in the global market, as it is a prominent commodity within the agricultural sector. Notably, in India, the cultivation of cashew has historically been a significant contributor to the small-scale agricultural labour-intensive industry. Moreover, this sector has played a pivotal role in providing employment opportunities for a substantial number of women workers. In recent years, emergent challenges have arisen, aggravated by the pandemic and subsequent lockdown. This study delves into the experiences of female labours in the cashew industry, revealing work-related stress as a significant issue impacting productivity due to psychological and emotional factors. The research design adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth structured questionnaire interviews with women labourers. The analysis will be employed to analyze the collected data, encompassing demography, ergonomic assessment of the working environment. The potential findings will illuminate the pivotal role of social support in alleviating the impact of work-related stress. The study delves into the effectiveness of coping mechanisms adopted by women labours to navigate their well-being challenges. Additionally, the research investigates how these impacts may differ based on socio-economic background and educational attainment. The expected outcomes of the study are poised to provide valuable insights. These insights will inform recommendations for crafting workplace policies and targeted programs. The study also emphasizes the importance of heightened awareness and extending social support networks. Addressing gender disparities within the industry, ameliorating working conditions, and advocating for further research are key components of the proposed improvement strategies. In summary, this study possesses the capacity to guide interventions and tactics with the goal of bolstering the well-being of women labours of cashew industry in Dakshina Kannada district. Such endeavours are poised to foster workplace equality and inclusiveness.
Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Emotional Factors, Stress Impact, Psychological Emotions, Environment Emotions Productivity
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 50-63
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6833
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6833
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6833/6336
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:50-63


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mallikarjun Gadad
Author-Workplace-Name: Kuvempu University
Author-Name: M Ravi Kumar
Author-Workplace-Name: Kuvempu University
Title: The Principles, Strategies for Green Economy in India: An Overview
Abstract: Creating a green economy is now a top objective for sustainable development across the globe. Employment opportunities and improved living conditions have resulted from India’s rapid economic growth over the last decade. The growth of urban areas is a global phenomenon, particularly in developing countries like India. By 2030, cities are expected to be home to 60 percent of the world’s population, according the United Nations. Ninety percent of the world’s rural population resides in Asia. Nonetheless, urbanisation is on the rise and is projected to reach 56% by the year 2050. The Green Economy may improve employment opportunities, GDP growth, resource conservation, social cohesion, and disaster preparedness. Green economics provide cause for optimism in the face of climate change and unsustainable economic expansion. A green economy has gained favour as a solution to global warming, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable economic expansion in recent years. Can you define “green economy” for me? Forests, water, soil, and fish supplies are all examples of natural capital that are valued and invested in by a green economy in order to assure long-term growth and eradicate poverty. It requires redirecting public and private investments towards natural capital and emerging sectors and technology, with the help of supportive policy shifts and enabling conditions. There is no such thing as a “trade-off” between progress in the economy and protection of the environment. Growth, income, and employment are all bolstered by a green economy.
Keywords: Green Economy, Sustainable Development, Status, Features, Benefits, Strategies, Principles, Government Initiatives
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 64-68
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6783
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6783
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6783/6337
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:64-68


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:Satrughan Behera
Author-Workplace-Name: Central University of South
Author-Name:Atish Kumar Dash
Author-Workplace-Name: Central University of South
Author-Name:Rathi Kanta Kumbhar
Author-Workplace-Name: Central University of South
Title: Disparities in the Health and Well-being of Scheduled Tribes and Non-Scheduled Tribes Populations in India
Abstract: This paper examines the persistent disparities between the Scheduled Tribes (STs) of India and the rest of the population in health and well-being. Despite worldwide progress in healthcare and social development, ST communities struggle with persistent challenges hindering their overall welfare. Through desk research and a systematic literature review of tribal health disparities in India, this study discusses the various aspects that lead to these disparities and provides a comprehensive set of policy recommendations. It becomes clear that closing these gaps in health and well-being requires an integrated strategy that includes poverty alleviation, improved educational access, strengthened infrastructure for health care, and the preservation of tribal cultural heritage. Taking insights from several sources, this article emphasises the urgency of the matter. It highlights the need for concerted efforts to achieve equitable health outcomes for ST communities, not only in India but also in similar contexts worldwide.
Keywords: Desk Research, Scheduled Tribes, Health Disparities, Well-Being, India
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 69-77
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6742
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6742
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6742/6338
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:69-77


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:Joys Glory
Author-Workplace-Name: Annamalai University
Author-Name:S Indradevi
Author-Workplace-Name: Annamalai University
Title: Determinants of Nutritional Status of the Children
Abstract: Particular importance is given to nutrition in nations with high socioeconomic and sanitary standards. Public health and nutrition issues stem from issues with safe drinking water, ecological sanitation, poverty, and low literacy. Undernourishment among women is a concerning issue, especially for the destitute and impoverished. A woman’s ability to make decisions may also be influenced by her role in the family, her educational background, and her job situation. A woman who is able to make her own decisions will be able to provide her child with the best food possible and realise her full potential during times of health constraints. Decisions regarding a range of issues, including personal health, child health, mobility, and daily household issues, will collectively impact her children health. The nutritional status of mothers and their offspring was shown to be highly correlated with demographic parameters such as their background, whereas the age of the children was found to be significantly correlated with nutritional status. Long-term improvements can be brought about by the use of nutritional monitoring of students as part of the school health programme, school environment enhancements, increased purchasing power, and the provision of cheap food, particularly for the less fortunate.
Keywords: Children, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, Demographic Characters
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 78-84
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6770
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6770
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6770/6339
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:78-84


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:Dhiren Barman
Author-Workplace-Name: Seacom Skills University
Title: Socio-Economic Condition of Slum Dwellers in Bankura Town: An Exploratory Analysis
Abstract: The word "slum" refers to informal settlements in which the condition of houses is bad and living conditions are very poor. In Bankura town, there are 295 total slums, which are home to 46,341 people. This represents around 33.73% of Bankura town’s overall population. The slum population in Bankura town is continuously increasing. The slum dwellers in Bankura town mainly deprived from education, metal road, water supply, drainage and sanitation system. Some basic amenities need urgent attention in slum area by ULB of Bankura town. i.e. water supply , drainage and sanitation, education, shelter and road etc. The highest number of slum population located in Ward nos. 4, 10, 12, 17, 19, and 20 and maximum number of BPL population is located in Ward no. 19 and 20. The highest number of illiterate slum population is found in Ward no. 4, 10, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 22. The highest number of households in Ward no. 19 is having remote access to drinking water; whereas in Ward no. 1 & 2 are having a lowest number of houses with remote access to drinking water sources. The highest number of houses with access road to house as kutcha road is found in Ward no. 19. The highest number of slum population identifying use of toilet as others, non-earning population, woman-earning member and drop out children in slum is observed in Ward no. 19. It is observed that slum population in Ward no. 19 and 20 are in worst condition in comparison to Ward no. 1 and 2. Development policies must be framed to prevent the formation of new slums and take necessary strategies for the development of socio-economic condition of slum dwellers in Bankura town.
Keywords: Basic Amenities, Bankura Town, Socio-Economic Condition, Slum Dwellers, ULB
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 85-92
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6825
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6825
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6825/6345
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:85-92


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:S. Sakthivel
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Author-Name:A. Kannan
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Title: Gender Inequality and Discrimination: A Special Case of Local Community, with Reference to Local Commons in Madurai District of Tamilnadu
Abstract: The present study focuses on gender inequality and discrimination within a local rural community, with special reference to common property resources. The rural population faces numerous challenges in collecting raw materials from these Common Property Resources (CPRs). Local inhabitants heavily rely on these common property land resources due to the cost-free and convenient access they provide for their daily sustenance and livelihood maintenance. However, in the area of concern, the majority or dominant community often controls or encroaches upon these common property resources. Gender inequality significantly impacts the livelihood and survival of the rural poor. This research was conducted in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, and involved over three hundred sample respondents. The study employed the simple percentage method and chi-square test for analytical purposes. The findings revealed that common property resources are highly available and accessible but are in poor condition in the study area. Additionally, caste and economic discrimination are prevalent issues within the local community.
Keywords: Common Property Resources, Gender, Inequality, Livelihood, Rural Poor, Discrimination
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 93-99
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6831
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6831
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6831/6340
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:93-99


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Suresh Kumar
Author-Workplace-Name: St. Joseph University
Author-Name: D. Shobana
Author-Workplace-Name: St. Joseph University
Title: Evaluating the Implementation and Outcomes of the PMSYM Pension Scheme for Unorganized Sector Workers in India
Abstract: The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PMSYM) pension scheme was introduced in India with the objective of providing financial security to unorganized sector workers during their retirement years. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of the PMSYM scheme, focusing on its effectiveness in reaching and benefiting the target population. The quantitative analysis examines the extent of coverage, enrollment rates, and demographic characteristics of PMSYM beneficiaries. It also assesses the financial sustainability and administrative efficiency of the scheme. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of PMSYM on the income security and overall well-being of unorganized sector workers by analyzing the socioeconomic status of beneficiaries before and after enrollment. The qualitative component of the research explores the experiences and perceptions of PMSYM beneficiaries, shedding light on factors influencing enrollment decisions, challenges faced in accessing the scheme, and the perceived adequacy of pension benefits. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on social security measures in India, specifically targeting the unorganized sector. By critically evaluating the PMSYM scheme, the research aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, suggesting improvements in the scheme’s design, outreach strategies, and overall effectiveness. Ultimately, this evaluation seeks to inform evidence-based policy decisions that enhance the well-being of unorganized sector workers and strengthen the social security landscape in India.
Keywords: Unorganized Sector, Social Security, Pension Scheme, PMSYM Scheme, Financial Sustainability
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 100-109
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6841
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6841
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6841/6341
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:100-109


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: T. Ramanathan
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Author-Name: T. Veerapandi
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Author-Name: P. Palanikumar
Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University
Title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Agriculture
Abstract: The largest employment in India, agriculture and related sectors, remained to be spared the worst effects of the COVID-19 epidemic and is expected to rise by 3.9% in 2021–2022 as opposed to 3.6 per cent in 2020–21. There is a long-term trend for the sector’s share of the economy’s total GVA to be approximately 18 percent. However, the agriculture and related sector percentage of the overall GVA increased to 20.2 per cent in 2020–21 and 18.8 per cent in 2021–22. The current fiscal year, which ends in March 2022, is predicted to see growth in the Indian agriculture sector of 3.5 per cent. This industry was one of the few to remain resilient during the pandemic storms.
Keywords: GVA, COVID-19, Supply Chain, Pandemic, Indian Agriculture, Minimum Support Prices
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 110-113
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6902
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6902
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6902/6342
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Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:110-113


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:V. Loganathan
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Title: Does Reform Lead to Change in The Import Pattern of Oil and Oilseeds of India?
Abstract: India has completed two and a half decades of economic reforms. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of reforms on India’s oil and oil seeds export and imports in terms of quantity and also value. The impact has been measured through decadal value, Compound Growth Rate (CGR), Instability Index (II) and Dummy Semi-Logarithmic Regression Estimation. The CGR of export of oilseeds has moved from negative to positive during the reform period viz. cotton seed, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, and copra. most of the oilseed has fallen under a low Instability Index group. The import of other oilseeds, olive oil, sesame seed and oil palm has been increased during the reform period compared to the pre-reform period. The estimation of the semi-log regression model confirmed that there has been a positive and significant change in the import of oilseeds and oils during the reform period.
Keywords: Compound Growth Rate (CGR), Instability Index (II), Dummy Semi-Logarithmic Regression Model (DSRM)
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 114-121
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6872
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6872
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6872/6343
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:114-121


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Kiranekumar
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Author-Name: T. Ramanathan
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Title: Impacts of Rural Transformation on Occupational Structure and Earnings of the Migrants in Madurai District
Abstract: Rural transformation has the potential to significantly impact the occupational structure and earnings of migrants. This study aims to examine the impact of rural transformation on occupational structure and earnings of migrants in Melur and T.Kallupatti taluks of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. Primary data is collected through household surveys and in-depth interviews with migrants, while secondary data is obtained from government records, census reports, and academic publications. The study finds that rural transformation has led to a shift in the occupational structure of migrants, with a decline in agricultural occupations and an increase in non-farm employment opportunities. Earnings of migrants have also increased as a result of rural transformation. The study concludes that rural transformation can have a positive impact on the occupational structure and earnings of migrants.
Keywords: Income, Migrants, Occupation, Rural and Unemployment
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 122-125
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.6903
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6903
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/6903/6344
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:122-125


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M Chitra
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Author-Name: S. Pradeepan
Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University
Title: Utilisation of Zero Priced Rural Healthcare System in India - A Review
Abstract: Rural health is an important pillar of rural life for to return economic activity and using their muscle power. In India the rural healthcare system is supplying healthcare services at zero prices. As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, 65 percentages of India’s population lives in the rural areas and 47percentage of the population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood.On 12 April 2005, the Government of India took a major welfare initiative by launching National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 18 states with weak public health indicators and infrastructure and extended it across the entire country. Nearly two decades the programme is executing by government in rural healthcare which may be influence the residents positively in their health status. In addition, many government programs have been launched with the aim of improving rural health, the effectiveness of these initiatives is depends upon the utilisation of available healthcare serviceswhenever needed by the rural in habitants. The other side of healthcare system, specifically private sector healthcare is mushrooming as clinic, dispensary, hospital and multispecialty hospital and people are also utilising the services and willing to pay for their health requirements. The research question is, when a service is available at zero prices to access why the people are utilising the priced one healthcare service.Hence, here is an attempt wasconducted to find the utilisation of rural healthcare system by rural population in India from the published articles.The summary of findings of the reviewed articles enlighten the need of increasing the rural healthcare working hours, number of medical personnel, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring availability of essential medicines, need of palliative care in rural PHC and investing in multispecialty workforce development in rural areas. It’s crystal clear that any programme needs a continuous monitoring, evaluation and adaptation of strategies is essential. This kind of summation of findings from scattered articles about the accessing of healthcare will be an aid to the health policy maker. A concerted effort to raise the health status of rural communities will not only improve their quality of life but also contribute to the overall health and development of the country which is in the hands of rural healthcare system.
Keywords: Rural Health, National Rural Health Mission, PHC, Health Status, Healthcare
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 126-135
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.7030
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7030
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7030/6356
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:126-135


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:S Theenathayalan
Author-Workplace-Name: The Madura College
Author-Name:S Murugan
Author-Workplace-Name: Thiagarajar College
Title: Trend and Growth of Fruits Production and Productivity in India
Abstract: Fruit is a vital element of every day’s diet because it contains all the essential nutrients required to maintain a balanced diet. Fruit is also useful in the fields of medicine and beauty. The economic potential of growing top quality crops is for them to increase the farm’s income, in particular in India as demand for higher value food products has grown more rapidly compared with those produced primarily from basic crops.It is estimated that India will be the world’s biggest producer of citrus fruits, bananas and mangoes with an output of 98 million tonnes between 2020 and 2021. In the last few decades, fruit trade has become increasingly important.Trade is the best way for each nation to acquire foreign exchange reserves and develop its economy.The establishment of new export oriented businesses must also take place, in view of enabling Indian citizens to have more choice and support for agricultural activities over the years ahead. The fruit business is playing a key role in the accumulation of FCNRs. There is specific place in international trade as well as domestic commerce for fruits which are produced from organically grown crops.
Keywords: Nutrients, Economic Potential, Agricultural Activities
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 136-139
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.7057
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7057
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7057/6357
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:136-139


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:M Raju
Author-Workplace-Name: Gobi Arts and Science College
Author-Name:R Nagarajan
Author-Workplace-Name: PSG College of Arts & Science
Title: Area of Cultivation and Production of Spices in India
Abstract: Present study has examined the growth and instability in area and production of spices in India from 1990-91 to 2018-19. The costs of production of spices in India are very high compared to those of other countries. The spices production in India have increased tremendously, which is evident from an increasing in area of cultivation. There is high competition as spices economy has shifted to consumer driven enterprises, rather than producer driven economy. India emerged as a reliable supply of spices to the world market. The projection data explains that total production of spices in India has an increasing trend. There is scope for improvement for increasing the India’s share in the global market.
Keywords: Area of Cultivation, Production of Spice
Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics
Pages: 140-147
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2023
Month: December
DOI: 10.34293/economics.v12i1.7056
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7056
File-Format: text/html
File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/7056/6359
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:140-147