Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Chitra Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University Author-Name: Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi Malarvizhi Author-Workplace-Name: Multimedia University Title: An Empirical Analysis on India's Food Grain Cultivation, Production and Yield in Pre & Post Globalisation Abstract: Globalization is, directly and indirectly, contributing to its effect in all sectors of an economy. The agricultural sector is not exempted from the effect of change due to globalization as a component of the primary sector and a prime sector for human survival needs. The status of self-sufficient in the production of food grain will lead a nation to make a walk of pride among the other member globally. India is an agro-economy. In other words, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. So the production of food grain and its cultivation and yield should be normally high to meet out the demand of a growing population. Also, with the implementation of a policy of globalization, there might be some change in cultivation, production, and yield of food grains in India. In this paper, an attempt was made to examine/ identify the change in area under cultivation, yield, and production by using the secondary sources of data from 1970 to 2017. The selected breakeven point of time was 1991-1992. The annual growth rate pictured the change in a particular point of time; the linear and quadratic model gave the growth over the period selected for the study, and dummy used regression model presented the difference in structural change. AGR results dominated by the negative growth rate; the linear growth model for production depicts that 3.6 percentage of tons of production will be move when a year moves upward. The area under cultivation is deteriorating in AGR, and other models used gave a weakness in explanatory level concerning time for the area under cultivation of food grain. Regarding the obtained results for yield reflect that a positive change exists after globalization, even though a reduction in area under cultivation. Keywords: Globalisation, Area under Cultivation, Production, Yield, Food grains Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 1-10 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.3218 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3218 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3218/2661 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N Harish Author-Workplace-Name: Adarsha PU College Title: Organic Farming in India: Status, Constraints and Challenges Abstract: Organic farming in India is attaining popularity day by day. India is endowed with various types of naturally available organic forms of nutrients in different parts of the country, and it will help for the organic cultivation of crops substantially. The rising population of India has started creating demographic pressure on the agriculture sector to maintain food security. For producing better crop yield, chemical fertilizers and pesticides were used, and this creates more health hazards. To generate good health and environment, a need arise a shift to organic agriculture. India is home to 30 percent of the total organic producers in the world. Still, it accounts for just 2.59 percent (1.5 million hectares) of the total organic cultivation area of 57.8 million hectares (World of Organic Agriculture Report, 2018). Organic farming is beneficial for natural resources and the environment. The study mainly focused on the Present Status of organic farming in India and given the main challenges and constraints of organic farming. Keywords: Organic farming, Food security, Green revolution, Agriculture Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 11-15 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2294 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2294 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2294/2662 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:11-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B Pradeep Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Government Arts & Science College, Ambalapuzha Author-Name: R Ramya Author-Workplace-Name: Sri Achutha Menon Government College Title: Ownership Pattern of Public Debt in India: A Study Abstract: To bridge the inevitable gap between the expenditure and revenue of governments, public debt has been resorted to increasingly by the government all over the world. In India, too, public debt has been reckoned as a device though which governments attempt to garner enough resources for both developmental and non-developmental activities. The present paper looks into the change and pattern in the ownership of public debt in India in recent years. In recent times, there has been a slight decline in the State government securities issued in India. Provident Funds have become dominant and permanent owners of state government securities in Indi, especially in recent times. Commercial banks in India are the main owners of GOI dated securities. Half of the T-Bills have been held by the Commercial Banks in the country. Mutual Funds also have been buying the Treasury Bills on a large scale. Provident Funds (PFs) do not seem to be interested in engaging in Treasury Bills operations in the country. Keywords: Public Debt, Ownership of PD, Commercial Banks (CBs), Insurance Companies (ICs), Mutual Funds (MFs), Provident Funds (PFs), GOI Dated Securities, Treasury Bills (TBs) Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 16-24 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2428 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2428 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2428/2663 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:16-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Kulasekhar Author-Workplace-Name: Sri Krishnadevaraya University Author-Name: K Dasaratharamaih Author-Workplace-Name: Sri Krishnadevaraya University Title: Health Problems of Slum Dwelling Women: An Empirical Analysis Abstract: The slum dwellers are generally suffering from various diseases with a high rate comparatively non-slum population in urban India. The women living in slum areas are mainly suffering from seasonal viral fevers, cough and cold, asthma, and other infectious diseases. The study shows that 39 % of slum women have poor health status. The reasons for poor health among slum women are malnutrition, unhygienic condition, lack of precautionary measures, and bad habits among them. About 37% of SC women, 30% each of ST and BC slum women, and 20% of OC women are frequently falling sick with various diseases. It is observed that 31% of the slum-dwelling women are getting treatment from RMP doctors, followed by 30% of slum women from private allopathy doctors, and only 18% of slum women are visiting Govt. hospital for their medical treatment. Only 29% of slum women are regularly visiting hospitals for their medical checkups. A majority of 62% of slum women have a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco-related products, and out of them, 79% of women are facing health problems due to a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco. Keywords: Slum Dwelling Women, Medical Treatment, Hospitals, Health, Habits, Reproductive Health, Pre and Post-Natal Periods Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 25-37 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2440 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2440 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2440/2665 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:25-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P Rajesh Author-Workplace-Name: Government Engineering College, Thrissur Title: Foreign Direct Investment in India: Emerging Trends and Patterns Abstract: This paper examines the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) in India during 1980-2018 and the emerging patterns of the FDI inflows in the country during the last two decades (i.e., 2000 - 2019). Our analysis, based on the secondary data collected from UNCTAD and DPIIT, reveals that the ongoing FDI liberalization measures started in India since 1991 have resulted in a dramatic upsurge in the FDI inflows as well as a stock of FDI in the country. The share of India in the global FDI inflows has increased in the post-liberalization period. Still, there was no perceptible increase in India's share in the global FDI stock during this period. Detailed examination of the patterns of the FDI inflows in India revealed that the equity capital had been the largest component of the FDI in India. Moreover, its share in the total FDI inflows has been increasing during 2000 and 2019. Mauritius and Singapore have been the two important sources of FDI inflows into India, contributing more than half of the FDI flows during the last two decades; this was mainly because these countries were considered as tax heavens for investors from other counties for routing their investments to India. Sector-wise distribution of FDI in India during the last two decades of the post-liberalization period (i.e., during 2000 - 2019) has shown that the service sector has emerged the largest recipient of FDI replacing the manufacturing sector. Our analysis has clearly shown the impact of liberalization on enhancing the FDI flows as well as stock in India and also in changing patterns of FDI distribution in the country. Keywords: Compound Annual Growth Rate, Equity Capital, FDI Flows, FDI Stock, Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Enterprises, Re-invested Earning Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 38-46 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2992 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2992 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2992/2666 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:38-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harish Tigari Author-Workplace-Name: Davan PG Studies Author-Name: R Aishwarya Author-Workplace-Name: Davan PG Studies Title: Self Help Groups: An Effective Approach towards Women Empowerment Abstract: In recent years, SHGs have become significant contributors to the generation of self-employment and source of livelihood. The Self-Help Group (SHG) is moving in the right direction in empowering women economically and socially and eradicating poverty in rural and urban areas. Self-employment is necessary to eradicate the regional economic imbalance. Women's participation is necessary for the betterment of the economy. SHGs are one of the ways to increase the participation of women in economic activities. So, it empowers and creates women entrepreneurs. The study aims to provide empirical evidence of the contribution of SHGs to self-employment. For this purpose, the primary data were collected from the 30 members of SHGs by simple random sampling, and the data is collected through a structured questionnaire, Likert scale technique was used to measure the qualitative data. The estimated results show the self-employment opportunities created by SHGs. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Self-employment, Capital investment, Women Entrepreneurs Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 47-55 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.3192 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3192 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3192/2667 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:47-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K Madhura Author-Workplace-Name: Carmel College Author-Name: B Raghavendra Author-Workplace-Name: Besant Women's College Author-Name: B M Ramakrishna Author-Workplace-Name: Mangalore University College Title: An Empirical Study on Issues and Challenges in Working Conditions of Feminine Labours Engaged in Cashew Industries Abstract: Recent Socio-cultural evolution in India shows that feminine workers play a major role in the economy. The cashew processing industry is a labor intensive industry, which provides employment opportunities mainly to women, among which most of them belong to socially backward community. Purpose: A research model was established to analyze the various issues and challenges faced by women labor's in cashew industries To identify suitable measures to safeguard their work-life or work environment provided by cashew industries in Dakshina Kannada (DK) district. Findings: The research finding shows the socioeconomic conditions and health issues, mainly challenging the women labours in cashew industries. The cashew processing industry mainly depends on expensive imported raw cashew nuts due to the reduction in yield of nuts in India. It results in an increase in the cost of processing and difficult to sustain the quality of nuts, which directly effects the earnings, health, and welfare of women labours. This paper focuses on suggesting provisions on social security incentives for improving the women's labor welfares. Keywords: issues and challenges, feminine labours, feminine welfare, eco-social standards, strategies engaged in Cashew Industries, female workforce Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 56-66 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2312 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2312 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2312/2668 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:56-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harish Tigari Author-Workplace-Name: Davan PG Studies Author-Name: S Shalini Author-Workplace-Name: Davan PG Studies Title: Socio-Economic Condition of Urban Street Food Vendors Abstract: The street food sector plays an important role in urban areas of many developing countries. Street food represents a significant part of urban food consumption for millions of low and middle-income consumers in urban areas daily. Street foods may be the least expensive and most accessible means of obtaining a nutritionally balanced meal outside the home for many low-income people. In Davanagere city most of the vendors are poorly educated, untrained in food hygienic food, and most of the foods are not well protected from flies; street food is relatively cheap. You can get to try a wide selection of different foods in one place. Street food stands are a source of income for many families. Some street food vendors are facing problems like those that don't have their van or shop. They have to pay a limited amount of money for this. And they earn only a little profit. Keywords: Street food, Self-employment, Capital investment, Women Entrepreneurs Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 67-74 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.3193 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3193 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3193/2669 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:67-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepmala Yadav Author-Workplace-Name: Bangalore University Author-Name: Suma Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Carmel College Title: The Recent Trends of Public Expenditure on Education in Karnataka Abstract: The very recent and emerging trends of the primary education system in Karnataka show that the enrollments of government schools have come down, Even though the Government expenditure on various schemes to promote Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE), has been increasing in every consecutive year, these schemes are not fulfilling the Government�s aim to improve enrollment and retention rate. On the other hand, private schools have become synonymous with a quality education that is leading to an increase in the number and the enrollments of private schools and is causing the shutdown of government schools. To deal with the problems of providing quality education and keeping the increasing number of private schools in view, the government has involved private sector by passing the bill of Right to Education Act (2009), which in turn has added one more financial responsibility to shoulder for the government in the form of reimbursement to private schools. Reimbursement is a financial burden on government and, at the same time, is not enough to meet the per-child expenditure of (some) private schools. In this changing scenario, the government pattern of spending on elementary education has also changed. Thus, analyzing the pattern and composition of expenditure is crucial to make any government policy feasible, needbased, and result-oriented. Keywords: Government expenditure on elementary education, Educational Profile, Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE), Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA), Education Indicators, Right to Education (RTE), Reimbursement Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 75-82 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2370 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2370 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2370/2670 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:75-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi Malarvizhi Author-Workplace-Name: Multimedia University Author-Name: M Chitra Author-Workplace-Name: Madurai Kamaraj University Title: Analysing the Economic Performance and Projecting for Future: The Case of Malaysia Abstract: After Independence, Malaysia had originally started with a focus on diversifying agricultural exports by growing and strengthening its export earnings and income. This approach was pursued as a reliable economic development strategy. However, with the resulting rapid development, the country transited from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing-centric economy. Considering the diverse trends of Malaysia's economy due to the globalization and privatization, this study aims to analyze the past trends of the economy and mainly concentrate on the current and future scenario in this country. By following a historical research method and by considering the economic data sets for the period of 2005-2016, this paper finds that the impact of globalization, the impact of enterprise privatization on economic growth, job creation, and on FDI inflow, vary significantly over ten years under consideration. Keywords: Malaysian Economy, Globalisation, Privatisation, Agricultural Economy, Industrial Economy Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 83-87 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.3222 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3222 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3222/2671 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:83-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nitin Mundhe Author-Workplace-Name: Sir Parashurambhau College (A) Author-Name: Dhondiram Pawar Author-Workplace-Name: Sir Parashurambhau College (A) Author-Name: Priyanka Rokade Author-Workplace-Name: Maharashtra Education Society's Abasaheb Garware College Title: Status of Human Development in Maharashtra: A District Level Analysis Abstract: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a relative measure of the country's life expectancy, literacy, education, and living standards. It is a standard measure of wellbeing, especially of child welfare. The present study is an attempt to bring out the inter-district disparities in terms of human development in Maharashtra, applying the human development index method based on the optimal combination of selected human development indicators. Furthermore, to compare the levels of human development between the different districts through choropleth maps. The result shows that two districts are in the less developed category, i.e., Nandurbar and Gadchiroli, and rests of the 33 districts are included in the moderately high and very high human development group. Keywords: Development, Education, Health, Human Development Index, Life Expectancy, Literacy, Standard of Living Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 88-96 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2445 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2445 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2445/2673 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:88-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annamalai Jegan Author-Workplace-Name: Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Post graduate Studies and Research (A) Title: A Study on Socio-Economic Conditions of Widows and their livelihood Status in Puducherry Abstract: In this paper, the main aim is to understand the socio-economic conditions of the widows and their livelihood in the Puducherry region in the Union Territory of Puducherry. The study has also been focusing on the widow's socio-cultural deprivation, social security, and social participation in the system. Data for the present study has been collected from 200 widows in both rural and urban of Puducherry area and hundreds of samples from each. The study reveals that there is no huge difference between the rural widows and urban widows are facing socio-economic problems, and widows are not much facing socio-cultural deprivation due to changing the attitude of modern society. The study also finds out that major determinants of livelihood of widows such as the monthly widow's pension and free rice providing by the state. Keywords: Widow's socio-economic conditions, livelihood, widow's pension, Free rice, Remarriage Fund Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 97-109 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2997 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2997 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2997/2676 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:97-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K Nandan Author-Workplace-Name: Kuvempu University Title: Agriculture Accounting In India Abstract: India is an Agriculture based country where 50% of the population is based on agriculture. Agriculture is a main source of income to the Government. Agriculture accounting is very useful for agriculturist which helps them to know the income and expenses by agriculture activity. Therefore, a standard is introduced to provide a guidelines for agriculture Accounting called Ind AS41.Standaerd specifies the reorganization and measurement of Agriculture Assets, Gains and losses, Government subsides. It helps the agriculturist to avoid the unnecessary expenses and better utilization of available recourses. Keywords: Gross Domestic Products (GDP), Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), Agriculture Accounting, Biological Assets, Agricultural Produce Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 110-113 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.2431 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2431 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/2431/2678 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:110-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S Jaya Selvi Author-Workplace-Name: Amrita College of Engineering and Technology Title: COVID-19: An Overview of Economic Waves on Indian Economy Abstract: A worldwide pandemic that has a powerful disruptive in the world is the COVID-19 outbreak. It brought significant volatility and chaos, which are affecting investors' confidence in Indian markets and the world. India is one of the emerging economies that hold the position of the fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), which has the second-largest population country in which the population size of about 1.3 billion after China in the world. COVID-19 emerged from China and started to spread all other countries rapidly and create a great impact on world countries. Most of the people lost their lives, resources, jobs, etc. As the whole countries in the world are struggling, the whole economy standstill, and it's very difficult to overcome from the recession. The Indian government took a rapid decision to prevent the disaster novel Coronavirus or Covid-19 by launching the complete nation-wide lockdown for 40 days. The result of 40 days lockdown is direct output loss of more than 8 percent over time. There are the indirect impacts on livelihoods of the unorganized workforce, and a sharp increase in corporate and banking stress, which are likely to further weigh on growth. Keywords: COVID-19, Lockdown, Economic impacts, Finance, Industry, Growth Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 114-119 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Year: 2020 Month: June DOI: 10.34293/economics.v8i3.3201 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3201 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3201/2680 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:114-119