Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wei-Bin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Title: Economic Growth with Social Status, Spirit of Capitalism, and Conspicuous Consumption Abstract: The purpose of this study is to introduce social status, conspicuous consumption, and spirit of capitalism into neoclassical growth model. This paper studies a dynamic interdependence between economic growth, economic structural change, income and wealth distribution, social status, conspicuous consumption, and spirit of capitalism in a small-open economy. We build a heterogeneous-households growth model with endogenous wealth accumulation and social status. The dynamics of J-households economy is described by J differential equations. We simulate the motion of the model with three groups of households. We carry out comparative dynamic analysis with regard to some parameters. Keywords: Spirit of capitalism, Conspicuous consumption, Social status, Inequality in income and Wealth Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 1-10 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3500 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3500 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3500/2929 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hashim Sabo Bello Author-Workplace-Name: Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Title: Relationship Between Business Activities and Social Costs in Nigeria: The Effects on Environment Abstract: This paper aimed to study the linkage between business firms' actions and their resultant social costs on the environment in Nigeria. The report also attempted to provides a broad view of businesses and their resulting actions on the earth as they operate within contemporary Nigerian society. The sampling method adopted for this study was the stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for data analysis was Chi-square (X2), adopted for hypothesis testing. A total number of 287 questionnaires were returned and considered out of the 300 questionnaires that were distributed. Data obtained was analyzed with the inferential statistical technique. Pearson Chi-square was employed to test each hypothesis at a 95 percent confidence level. Results were analyzed through Pearson Chi-square and hypotheses tested using chi-square statistics at 0.05 level of significance. SPSS version 21 was used for linear-by-linear association in hypotheses testing, assumptions establishing a linear relationship of variables were met, and error terms independence was conducted. Therefore, the study believed that if business firms are allowed to pollute the environment, the result is a rise in waste and numerous environmental consequences. Consequently, society as a whole is hurt as its overall social welfare declines. This study, therefore, recommended that the business firms should always make considerable strides in improving the performance of their products, with a strong focus on enhancing environmental efficiency with a long-term aim for zero-emission of vehicles. Keywords: Business activity, Environment, Ethic, Nigeria, Social cost Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 11-17 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3540 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3540 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3540/2948 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:11-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pallabi Mukherjee Author-Workplace-Name: IBMR, IPS Academy, Indore Author-Name: Kali Charan Modak Author-Workplace-Name: IBMR, IPS Academy, Indore Author-Name: Jolly Sushma Author-Workplace-Name: IBMR, IPS Academy, Indore Title: Connecting Growth with Development and Income with Sustainability, Education, and Employment of Global Powerhouses - A SEDA Perspective Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to depict the recent initiation to evaluate the efficiency of a nation in converting wealth to well-being in terms of Sustainable Economic Development Assessment scores (SEDA) specially analyzed for the global powerhouse countries accommodating 78% of the world� population and 87% of countries income.
Design/Methodology/Approach: SEDA (Sustainable Economic Development Assessment) measures sustainable development with three broad dimensions: economic, sustainability, and environment. The analysis is carried out by plotting a four-quadrant matrix chart to compare some macro-economic fundamentals.
Countries Considered: 36 Powerhouse countries of the world (78% of the world�s population and 87% of countries� income).
Variables Considered: GDP/Capita, Wealth to well-being coefficient, SEDA score, employment (Employment has unemployment and employment to population ratio 15 plus), education (school enrollment, tertiary, years of school primary to tertiary, teacher-pupil ratio primary and an average of math and science score), equality (Gini index, inequality in education and inequality in life expectancy) and finally environment (air quality, terrestrial and marine protected areas, carbon dioxide intensity and electricity production from renewable sources).
Findings: The analysis depicts how good a country is in converting their wealth to well-being. The countries that have started well do not necessarily have depicted outstanding progress in Sustainable economic development assessment. Some countries are good in growth and increasing their developmental scores (keeping in mind BCG identified parameters of sustainable development). Further comparisons express a high positive correlation between GDP/Capita with education and equality. There is a very low degree of correlation between GDP/Capita and employment and a low correlation between GDP/Capita and environment. However, there is a negative correlation between Growth and development.
Practical Application: Relation between GDP/Capita of countries and some important economic, investment, and sustainability dimensions to judge where a nation stands and what should be added as a prelim agenda to countries dashboard. Keywords: Growth, Development, Income, Employment, Education, Environment, Equality Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 18-27 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3456 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3456 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3456/2899 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deepmala Yadav Author-Workplace-Name: Bangalore University Author-Name: Suma Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Carmel College Title: Status of Women Education in India Abstract: Women in India, despite being half of the population, do not represent themselves in education related indicators with the same magnitude. Prima facie, it can be said that we achieved 100 percent enrolment and gained 1.01 in the gender parity index at the primary level. However, when in-depth analysis is done considering the quality aspects and women�s participation in the labor force, we will find gender biases at all levels. The girls� enrolment is significantly low as compared to their male counterparts in private schools, in high-end technological and management institute, and professional courses. In addition to that, girls are lagging in cognitive skills, Maths, and reading abilities. In a nutshell, girls are still struggling to be on par with their male counterparts to get quality and professional education. Parental behavior, intra-household resource allocation, cultural norms, safety, discrimination at the workplace can be attributed to these discrepancies. The present paper will analyze the status of women in educational development, factors, and determinants associated with disparity, and government policies for upliftment of women�s situation in education. Keywords: Status of women education at a different level, Enrollment in private schools, Dropouts, Gender disparity, Geographical variation Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 28-35 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3451 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3451 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3451/2897 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:28-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S Thangamayan Author-Workplace-Name: VELS Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Title: Enhancing Women�s Empowerment: Evidence from Tamilnadu Abstract: Rural women play a critical role in the rural economies of both developed and developing countries. This alludes to country women�s impression of their situation in the family just as in-network. From the Gender and Development viewpoint, the reason for women�s absence of admittance to land is situated in auxiliary imbalances concerning work jobs and frameworks of possession. Gender orientation and Development scholars accept that women ought not to be essentially outfitted with occupations yet ought to be legitimately engaged to possess and control their property. Incountry territories, women are included more in family unit exercises contrasting with metropolitan regions; thus, they are not in any event, getting chances for essential examinations including social exercises and spending for things they wan unreservedly. While the women living in metropolitan urban communities just as more modest urban areas can distinguish themselves with any women connected program or join a development associated with women and can want to partake in that for their advantage, the metropolitan rustic separation and disengage in India keeps similar advantages from arriving at the women people living in our towns. Another significant disadvantage and distinction between both the classifications of women are that the dominant part of women in provincial India as of now, in the age section of 35-65 years, have been avoided any type of formal education. Women in metropolitan territories have more equivalent sex inclinations and more prominent impact in every day homegrown and life course choices than women in rustic regions. Women living in metropolitan territories additionally are bound to report at the same time young lady or equivalent inclination and a more noteworthy state in choices about children. Keywords: Women empowerment, Rural women, Employment, Economic status, Rights, Entrepreneurship Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 36-41 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3514 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3514 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3514/2938 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:36-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liji Samuel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kerala (Kariavattom Campus), Thiruvananthapuram Title: Solid Waste Management in Small Village: A Case Study Abstract: Managing solid waste is one of the most significant challenges of the rural areas of all sizes, from the small towns and complete area villages, which are home to the mass of humanity. It is close to always in the top five of the most challenging problems for village officers. It is somewhat strange that it accepts so little recognition compared to other rural management problems. Available data show that villages spend a substantial proportion of their available repeated budget on solid waste management. This method of insertion in solid waste management demonstrates how striking results can be achieved where the connection of the informal sector is stimulated. Keywords: Solid waste management, Economic sectors, Kalayapuram town, Solid waste, Solid pollution Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 42-46 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3539 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3539 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3539/2947 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:42-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A Sangamithra Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University Author-Name: T Athira Author-Workplace-Name: Bharathiar University Title: An Analysis of the Extent of among Women Workers Work Stress Abstract: The problem of work related health disorder and productivity has long been underestimated. Most of the workers experience mental stress during their working lives. To be very clear, work-related stresses are a leading cause of illness and disability. It has a serious consequence on the individual workers and also to the enterprise. The performance of employees, increasing rates of illness, work site accidents, absenteeism. These are all affected by an employee�s mental health status. The extent of work stress was noted to be decreased with an increase in their relationship with other staff in the establishments, level of education, average monthly earnings, the extent of satisfaction with factory environment, and also with financial status. Conversely, such stress experienced by the respondents has increased with an increase in their social status background and also found to be higher among those who own assets as well as migrated to the current place of living. While conducting the survey, most of the women respondents expressed that they suffer from sexual harassment problems. Also, they suffer from jealously, unnecessary gossip, and rivalry. Therefore fundamental changes are essential from employers, government, family members, and policy makers. Keywords: Health disorder, Stress, Illness, Disability, Environment, Social status, Unnecessary, Policy, Financial status Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 47-49 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3487 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3487 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3487/2923 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:47-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B Pradeep Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Government Arts & Science College, Ambalapuzha, Alappuzha, Kerala Title: Does Gender Status Translate into Economic Participation of Women? Certain Evidence from Kerala Abstract: Many indicators of gender inclusiveness show that Kerala has been much ahead of other states in ensuring the welfare of females. It needs to be reiterated that in both education and health, women in Kerala stand quietly at the receiving ends as the beneficiaries rather than the agents of economic and social change. The women�s inclusive way of progress does not necessarily confine itself to the widening of education and health opportunities for women. Still, it largely and more positively depends on the effective participation of women in economic activities. It is disheartening that if we probe into the status of women from these yardsticks of �active� economic participation, the picture of gender equality appears more discouraging in Kerala, which has been acclaimed as a �model� for not only other states in the country but also for other countries in the world. A secular decline in the Work Participation Rate for women in the labor market clearly shows that education does not aid women to add themselves to the labor market. Economists and sociologists offer many plausible explanations for this absconding nature of educated and skilled women from the labor market. The real gender inclusion and women empowerment will be fulfilled only when women start actively engaging in productive fields using their knowledge and entitlements. Keywords: Gender status, Women empowerment, Work force Participation, Active agents, Unemployment, Decision making, Economic participation Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 50-56 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3546 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3546 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3546/2950 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:50-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R Premalatha Author-Workplace-Name: VELS Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies Title: Pattern of Public Expenditure on Social Sector in India Abstract: Human capital also enhances the productivity of high-technology physical capital. Available empirical evidence indicates that all countries that have managed persistent growth in income have also had large increases in the education and training of their labor forces. Empirical studies in the Indian context also reveal investments in human capital have a significant impact on economic growth. Like many other developing countries, the Government of India�s key policy documents, including economic reforms, have identified poverty eradication/alleviation and social development as two main challenges and expressed the government�s commitment towards social development and eradication of poverty. Indian government�s gradual adoption of marketoriented economic reform policies in the mid-1980s was accompanied by an expansionist fiscal strategy to counterbalance the redistributive effect of liberalization. These economic and political developments have tended to strongly influence social sector policies in India. If the expenditure is diverted towards development activities, it will promote the process development of the state. It becomes essential to study the patterns of social sector expenditure in India at national and state levels to ascertain how the social sector has been managed by the governments in India and to what extent the central and state governments in India have fulfilled their responsibility of developing the social sector in India. Keywords: Social Sector Expenditure, Economic Impact, Development, Government, India, Human Resources Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 57-62 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3515 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3515 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3515/2939 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:57-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K Meenakshi Sundaram Author-Workplace-Name: Saraswathi Narayanan College Title: A Study on National Education Policy 2020 Concerning Career Opportunities Abstract: Education is the key to achieve overall development and acquire human potential, developing an equitable and just society, and promoting development. Providing universally quality education which is a pivotal element in success, leadership on the global stage in terms of economic growth, social justice, equality, scientific advancement, cultural preservation, and national integration. Indeed, with the quickly changing employment landscape and global ecosystem, it is becoming increasingly critical that students not only learn but, more importantly, learn how to learn. Education, thus, must move towards less content and more towards critical thinking and problem solving approach. The pedagogy of NEP-2020 must make students evolve with experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery oriented, learner-centered, discussion-based, and flexible, and of course, enjoyable. The world is undergoing rapid change in the knowledge scape. Today's education should not offer a mere degree, but should be capable of imparting skills, technical knowledge, job-oriented training and should bring employment to the degree holders. It is to wish that the new education system should bring career opportunities to the students by imparting quality education with a universal approach and learner-centric pedagogy. In this context, this paper focuses on the new education policy w.r.t. its scope towards career opportunities in the coming era in achieving full employment Keywords: Career opportunities, Education, Employment, Training and skills Journal: Shanlax International Journal of Economics Pages: 63-67 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: December DOI: 10.34293/economics.v9i1.3497 File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3497 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/economics/article/view/3497/2928 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:acg:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:63-67