The Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Sustainable Development

Abstract

India’s rapid economic growth and rising energy demand have made renewable energy a crucial component of its sustainable development strategies. This study examined the role of renewable energy in enhancing energy security, driving economic growth, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring social equity. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study evaluates the current status, opportunities, and challenges of renewable energy deployment in India based on secondary data and case studies. As of December 2024, India’s installed renewable energy capacity reached approximately 209.44 GW, with solar and wind energy leading the expansion. Despite this progress, challenges, such as intermittency, financing constraints, and policy gaps remain. This study concludes with policy recommendations to accelerate India’s transition to a low-carbon economy, emphasizing the need for advanced energy storage, innovative financing mechanisms, and a robust regulatory framework.