Shanlax International Journal of Economics

Environmental Impacts on Solid Waste Management in Tamil Nadu

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

Overpopulation, urbanization and the growing technology are among the few reasons for solid waste pollution. The rising population has led to the production of more waste, with every passing year people have several kinds of stuff to use and discard. Technology has a very vast impact on the growing population. Improper handling of waste may lead to contamination of surface water, ground water, land, and the air. For instance, when waste is illegally dumped along roadsides, in the woods, in illegal dumps, in wetlands, in lakes and streams, or by being improperly burned, these are all examples of improper handling. Improperly managed solid waste can have serious environmental consequences. It can contaminate soil, air, and water and harm wildlife and ecosystems. Effective solid waste management helps reduce the amount of waste. The solid waste thus ends up in landfills and ensures that hazardous waste is disposed of safely. Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal -causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. solid waste management in India include prevention of environmental degradation, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, provision of employment, improvement in public health, and stimulation of economic growth. The study analyzed the household solid waste management in Tirupattur municipality of Tamil Nadu. Further it suggests, reusing materials can reduce the need for new resources, which helps protect the environment from the impacts of resource extraction.

The Economic Impacts of Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Coastal Regions: A Case Study of Bangladesh

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

This study examines the socioeconomic effects and efficacy of different adaption techniques as it relates to the economic consequences of climate change adaptation policies in Bangladesh’s coastal areas. It investigates the financial consequences of climate change impacts on coastal towns, such as saline intrusion, land loss, and cyclonic dangers, through a comprehensive assessment of the literature and empirical analysis of primary and secondary data, including government reports and academic research. Promising adaptation solutions, such as community-based resilience projects and coastal protection infrastructure, provide opportunities to improve social welfare and economic resilience despite these obstacles. To address the complex issues brought about by climate change in coastal zones, policy proposals place a strong emphasis on integrated methods, community participation, and international cooperation. This study offers significant recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders worldwide on climate resilience and sustainable development in vulnerable coastal areas, therefore contributing to academic work and informing policy debate.

The Economics of Healthcare: Challenges and Reform

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

We have made an attempt to study The Economics of Healthcare as the science of evaluating and acknowledging the impact of Economic factors on the Healthcare systems globally, its beneficial effects and the shortcomings, with the intention to suggest effective measures to improve existing procedures. The evaluation and comparison of Pharmaceutical and Drugs Industries systems existing in successful Healthcare geoeconomic zones, globally. Different countries and pockets within countries have highly developed Health Education systems, haevery encouraging processes and Insurance systems supporting Healthcare with excellent statistical data maintained. We have also dealt with the Challenge of the efficacy of Healthcare economics to efficiently deliver Healthcare at the optimum price, with very controlled costs and in shortest possible time.
Methods
The methodology used to arrive at the results was referencing the data from the defined sources, like Articles on the subject, Related works/Books, Medical Journals and Published Reference Tomes like ‘Merck’, some media reports published in the ‘Hindu’, specifically relating to India and the subcontinent and findings published by WHO were also gleaned and compared.
Results
The Major findings of this study are; The Healthcare workforce employed worldwide is far short of the WHO defined workforce requirement of 44.5 per 10,000, whereas in India the figures are still more distressing at 20.8 per 10,000, much below even the threshold requirement of 22.8 per 10,000. Together with the fact that at least 20% of the trained professionals are not active in the field of Healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates a projected shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030.
Conclusions
The conclusions we have drawn from the study have focussed mainly on the employability factor, trained professionals, have not been able to get proper niche-based employment or the remunerations are not commen surate with their qualifications and experience. Personnel is only part of the issue, Healthcare equipment is in short supply, not because of dearth of availability of quality equipment, but the Economics of procuring and maintaining one is beyond the feasible capabilities of many institutions. Governmental intervention is imperative, as in UK and Canada, where the facilities are offered free to the citizens, there are other problems, like unacceptable delays in healthcare delivery, in these countries, giving rise to Medical Tourism.

Empowering Communities: Exploring the Impact of Self-Help Groups on Rural Development in Kiphire Sadar and Seyochung Circle of Kiphire District, Nagaland

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

This study delves into the transformative potential of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in fostering rural development within the Kiphire Sadar and Seyochung Circle of Kiphire District, Nagaland. Empowering Communities is at the heart of this investigation, seeking to unravel the intricate dynamics between SHGs and rural development outcomes. Through a mixed-method approach, combining both primary and secondary data sources, this research aims to shed light on the tangible impacts of SHGs on various facets of rural life, including economic, social, and institutional dimensions. Utilizing a purposive sampling technique, a selection of villages from the aforementioned circles served as the focal points for data collection. Extensive field surveys, supplemented by informal interviews with SHG members and key stakeholders, formed the basis of data acquisition. The subsequent analysis employs a range of statistical tools and techniques to discern patterns, challenges, and opportunities associated with SHG interventions. By examining the role of SHGs in enhancing livelihoods, fostering social cohesion, and catalyzing community-driven initiatives, this study endeavors to contribute to a deeper understanding of grassroots empowerment strategies in the context of rural Nagaland.

Empirical Analyses of Renewable Energy in India: Effects on Current Trends

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

The study highlights renewable energy’s crucial role in India’s sustainable growth. Renewable energy is derived from natural resources that are replenished more than consumed. India is the third-largest consumer of energy in the world and fourth globally in installed renewable energy capacity, with 163 giga watts. The southern region is a major contributor to renewable energy with 50282.92 megawatts than other regions. Wind source is the highest energy generator than other renewable sources,and India is currently facing a significant energy challenge. With a population of over 1.3 billion, energy demand is continually increasing. Finally, the percentage of renewable energy in total power generation climbed significantly increased from 15.38 percent in 2015 to 20.49 percent in 2022. Therefore, renewable energy has a big impact on India’s sustainable development.

Navigating Healthcare Economics: Addressing Challenges and Implementing Reforms

2024-06-17T09:10:21+00:00

Good health is most significant part of an individual’s day to day aspects. Acquiring essential and basic healthcare is a kind of right of the resident in the economy. India’s healthcare system has expanded dramatically and the Government has implemented several initiatives to increase the accessibility and cost of healthcare services, particularly in remote and rural areas. The goal of the current research is to examine the challenges and reforms the healthcare industry encounter in the economy. The majority of the secondary data, its observations and particularly the detailed literature review on health care has been utilized in the study. The main issues that healthcare industry come across and the variables that affect the success are clearly addressed.

Public Expenditure on Education in India - A Trends and Growth

2024-06-19T12:23:05+00:00

Public expenditure on education is crucial for ensuring global access to quality education. Despite recommendations to allocate 6 percent of GDP towards the education sector, this target remains unmet in India. This disparity contributes to India’s low ranking in the Human Development Index. This study analyzes trends and growth in public expenditure on education by both Central and state governments in India and investigates its distribution across different sectors. The study used secondary data source of public expenditure on education from2000-01 to 2020-21. The data were collected from various governmental sources. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze trends and growth patterns in educational expenditure. The study reveals a consistent increase in total educational spending, with state governments playing a leading role. However, public expenditure on education remains below the recommended 6 percent of GDP, hovering around 4 percent. Despite fluctuations, investments in elementary education have shown a positive trend, while secondary education expenditure has remained stable. Investment in higher education, though substantial, has declined over time, contrasting with a significant increase in spending on technical education. The study suggests allocating 3.5 percent of state budgets and 2.5 percent of GDP by the central government for education, aiming to bridge the funding gap and ensure quality education for all.