Shanlax International Journal of Economics

Evaluating Government Spending on Social Infrastructure in Tamil Nadu: Trends, Impacts, and Policy Insights

2025-07-03T06:51:02+00:00

The Creation, Development and Sustenance of Social Infrastructure is essential for human capital growth and overall well-being. This paper studies the pattern of public capital expenditure on Social Infrastructure in Tamil Nadu from 2001 to 2023, with appropriate trend analysis focusing on Capital Expenditure on Education. The study uses percentages, regression, and trend analysis to reveal significant shifts in funding priorities and implications for equitable growth, stressing the need for greater government expenditure for the creation of Social Infrastructure.

Time Series Analyses of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.,) in the Selected Sites of Karnataka State

2025-07-03T06:51:03+00:00

Background: India is one of the leading global producers of groundnut, with the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu at the forefront. However, the area dedicated to groundnut cultivation and its production in India has experienced significant fluctuations over the years, leading to challenges in agricultural planning.
Methods: This research seeks to examine the trends in both area and production of groundnut in selected districts of Karnataka, specifically Tumkur and Chitradurga was major purposively selected for the study , because due to production and productivity is more for last five years. The study employs various time series models, including linear, quadratic, cubic, exponential, and logistic regression models were formulated, utilizing a dataset spanning twenty-five years (1997- 2022).
Results: The results indicate that, the cubic model is the most appropriate for assessing the area under cultivation, while the quadratic model is deemed to be most robust for analyzing production trends of groundnut in different agro climatic zones. Additionally, the study addressed various challenges and risks associated with groundnut production in Karnataka. Linear, quadratic and exponential models were fitted .Asper the results , the cubic and logistic models were found to be insignificant. Additionally, the Run’s test and Shapiro-Wilk test statistics were found to be non-significant for quadratic model. Therefore, the data on groundnut production in Tumkur district during the study period was well-fitted by the quadratic model as compared with rest of the study sites.
Conclusion: The findings aim to enhance the understanding of different oilseed production trends, thereby aiding farmers and government stakeholders in making informed decisions to ensure stable production across larger areas.

The Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Sustainable Development

2025-07-03T06:51:03+00:00

India’s rapid economic growth and rising energy demand have made renewable energy a crucial component of its sustainable development strategies. This study examined the role of renewable energy in enhancing energy security, driving economic growth, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring social equity. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study evaluates the current status, opportunities, and challenges of renewable energy deployment in India based on secondary data and case studies. As of December 2024, India’s installed renewable energy capacity reached approximately 209.44 GW, with solar and wind energy leading the expansion. Despite this progress, challenges, such as intermittency, financing constraints, and policy gaps remain. This study concludes with policy recommendations to accelerate India’s transition to a low-carbon economy, emphasizing the need for advanced energy storage, innovative financing mechanisms, and a robust regulatory framework.

Effects of Supermarkets on Rural Unorganized Small Retailers

2025-07-03T06:51:03+00:00

In recent years, supermarket, a self-service shop retailing foods and other household items under one roof, has been playing a dominating role in the retail marketing world. Growing urbanization, increasing women’s participation at workforce, rapid rise of the middle class, etc., have been helping in the establishment and extension of supermarkets to rural areas having good transportation and communication facilities. This trend of supermarkets to rural area adversely affects the rural retailers in terms of number of customers or sale, earnings, savings, investment, standard of living, etc. It is because the rural retailers are unorganized and their competitive strengths are very poor as compared to organized supermarkets. A lot of differences like parking facility, discount facility, exchange offer, etc exist between the organized supermarket and unorganized rural retailers. It signifies the need to study the impact of the establishment of supermarket upon the rural unorganized small retailers in terms of volume of sales, profit, etc. A number of studies reflect the impact upon rural retailers in case of volume of sales and earnings as well as the reasons for such impact thereof, however, more study regarding the impact of supermarkets upon unorganized rural retailers with reference to parking facility, discount facility and exchange offer is also required. This paper has highlighted the impact of supermarkets on unorganized rural retailers by taking into account the factors like differences of parking facility, discount facility and exchange offer, etc. The study reveals the negative impact of the establishment of supermarkets upon each type of unorganized retailer in case of customers and sales volume though the intensity of effect is different for different types of unorganized retailers. The most adversely affected one is garment seller and the least affected one is the vendors. The government and unorganized retailers need to undertake measures like formation of cooperatives, cartel, modernization of interiors, etc., for their safeguard.

Effect of Budget Deficit on Growth of Economy of India

2025-07-03T06:51:03+00:00

First, the word of the debated, a developing country in the world it is a country that is optimistic about its economy state budget deficit. This paper seeks to examination the dynamic relationship of budget deficit with economic growth of Indian economy. This has become one of the most debated topics in the economic policy making and in the literaturefield over the last twenty years. The proposed budget and plan are actually the biggest test to Indian economy so far. Whether it is accountancy electives in Indian b-schools or budget deficits in major Indian economies and for that matter may be in any country budget deficit is a buzz word but this has not been the case since large chunks of time in our history. It gives impact on Financial market expectation, create related budget-deficit book Profit and Economic-growth based on damn-it-decade test. The studies are classified into two: in the first group price dynamics in relation to the budget deficit enters directly into the model and its relationship with inflation is directly tested, while in the second group, the column of the relationship between the budget deficit and inflation is indirectly tested. Executive study has however supplied on the way of direct relation contraction between premise shortage and economic increase.

Demographic Trends in Rayalaseema Region in Andhra Pradesh

2025-07-03T06:51:03+00:00

Rayalaseema is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, YSR Kadapa, and Chittoor. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the demographic trends such as growth of population, sex ratio, density of population, literacy during the period between 1961 and 2011 in Rayalaseema Region in Andhra Pradesh. Demographic analysis reveals important population characteristics of the region. Among the districts of Rayalaseema, Chittoor has the highest population and population density per square kilometer, while Kadapa has the lowest. The sex ratio in Rayalaseema stands at 987, which is higher than the national average of 940 but lower than the state average of 992.

Bridging the Gap: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Advancing Rural Education

2025-07-07T09:22:44+00:00

Over the few decades it has seen that there is increasing demand for the standard education in the weaker society. Education is a necessity that needs to be provided for every individual in the society for which continuously the government attempting to come up with various programs or schemes to standardized the level of learning in a sustainable manner in the peasant providence. The collaborative amongst the ministry and private sector is formed duly to ensure the excellence of facility reached to the infants of undermined society. This review will help the educational field to understand the needs and requirement of the people living in backward areas and also it is aimed to highlight the consequence of the P3 partnership, also to evaluate the drawbacks that associated by the concept in the enhancement process in India. The paper adopted Primary source of data collection where The sample size is taken as 350 by the specialist and Simple percentage analysis, Chi-Square test technique is been utilized. In view of the analysis and interpretation specify that there is no association between the gender and the benefits received from PPP and suggesting few solutions for making the corporate partnership model more efficient and effective. The P3 strategy implementation in the educational sector can be beneficial for the below income category community if it is properly executed and drastic transformation could be seen in the future in the field of education and preference of the community.