Internalized Constraints: Bourdieu’s Habitus in Normal People

Abstract

In sociology, habitus is the way that people perceive and respond to the social world they inhabit through their personal habits, skills, and character disposition. Bourdieu’s theory is a sociological perspective of classes and its influence on culture across different aspects, such as predispositions, perceptions, tendencies, tastes, and lifestyles. Lifestyle is a product of the habitus which classifies different symbols in a specific hierarchy. Normal People by Sally Rooney is one book that illustrates the effects of habitus and the dynamic role it plays in interpersonal relationships and social interactions. Using Bourdieu’s theory as a lens to study this novel brings out the subtle play of social dynamics in human relationships. The novel explores the romantic relationship between Marianne and Connell as it develops from their high school days. Their relationships are hindered by their differences, although they find each other very likeable. Their social standing becomes a reason to drive a wedge between them, even though neither cares for it. Connell seems to be constantly dragged back by his social background despite expanding his horizons and discovering new things. His standing among his university peers differs significantly from that of his school, making him feel exposed and insecure. He also faces trouble in his relationship with Marianne as he tries to traverse through their inequalities. His affectation through his social standing offers insight into the significance of habitus in one’s life. Every defining aspect of his lifestyle, such as his personal style and social skills, to name a couple, is defined by his economic status which characterizes his habit. This study intends to analyse how Connell is affected by his social background, and as a result, finds himself at unease positioning himself amidst his peers, who are of a different social standing, with reference to Bourdieu’s theory.