Migration Strategies from Traditional Cryptography to Post-Quantum Cryptography in Cloud Systems

Abstract

Cloud systems urgently need to switch to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) since the majority of traditional cryptographic algorithms will become vulnerable due to the looming danger of quantum computing. The methodical approaches for switching from conventional cryptography (such as RSA and ECC) to PQC algorithms established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are examined in this study. We look at performance bottlenecks, cloud-native issues, migration phases customized for service-oriented architectures, hybrid deployment models that blend classical and quantum-resilient algorithms, and backward compatibility techniques. The trade-offs between security and performance are demonstrated through experimental research in a cloud setting, with a focus on protocol support, adaptive key management, and incremental migration. Our research aims to help security engineers and cloud architects implement PQC in practice while preserving scalability, compliance, and service quality.