Thirukkural and Education

Abstract

Thirukkural is celebrated as Ulaga Pothumarai (the Universal Code of Conduct) because of the timeless ethical and philosophical principles embedded in its verses. In this sense, Thirukkural may be regarded as a treasure house of knowledge and wisdom for humanity across the world. The text illuminates a wide range of subjects including society, agriculture, water management, kingship, governance, rights and duties, equality, education, family life, love, and virtuous living. Structurally, it is divided into three major sections: Aram (Virtue), Porul (Wealth), and Inbam (Love). In the modern world, where education is increasingly reduced to a means of economic advancement, the educational ideals proposed by Thiruvalluvar continue to serve as a guiding force in shaping meaningful learning. Through the celebrated aphorism “Karka Kasadara Karpavai” (learn thoroughly what is worth learning), Thiruvalluvar clearly defines both the purpose and the ultimate outcome of education. Focusing primarily on the chapters dealing with education (Kalvi), this paper highlights how the Kurals articulate foundational principles necessary for the holistic development of human personality. Further, the study examines the relevance of Thirukkural in addressing contemporary educational challenges such as rote learning, widening skill gaps, and the decline of social responsibility, while also briefly exploring the relationship between its educational philosophy and modern Dravidian thought.