Twin-Fish Symbolism and Transcultural Interpretations: Reassessing the Motif at the Royal Tomb of King Suro, Gimhae

Abstract

This study investigates the cultural and symbolic meaning of the twin-fish motif depicted on the ceremonial entrance gate of the royal tomb complex of King Suro at Gimhae, South Korea. Researchers frequently connect this motif to Queen Heo Hwang-ok and her proposed South-Asian origins. Although the motif is visually prominent, it has not yet been examined in a systematic comparative and historical framework, leaving an important gap in discussions of early transregional cultural interactions. This study adopts a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach, bringing together archaeological, textual, linguistic, and iconographic evidence to trace the evolution of fish symbolism from the Indus Valley Civilization into later history. The analysis revealed that the fish motif bears significance across multiple domains, including trade, kingship, religion, cosmology, duality, auspiciousness, fertility, and protection. A closer examination suggests that the curved twin fish facing a central pagoda-like structure align more closely with religious and auspicious symbolism than with dynastic emblems. Furthermore, this motif represents a secondary symbolic addition from a later period rather than the original material from the Gaya period. While certain parallels with South Asian traditions can be observed, there is no conclusive evidence of direct transmission. Future research combining systematic iconographic comparison, archaeological investigation, and historical linguistic analysis of fish motifs will be crucial for clarifying these connections and reassessing early cultural interactions between the Korean peninsula and the Indian subcontinent.