Innovative Strategies of Plant-Based Therapies in Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Advances

Abstract

Wound healing is a critical global health issue, significantly affecting patient outcomes and healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. Chronic wounds, especially diabetic ulcers, pose a serious challenge due to their prolonged healing time and high risk of complications. Herbal medicine is increasingly sought as an alternative or complementary treatment, driven by its affordability, accessibility, and minimal side effects. Medicinal plants are known to possess bioactive compounds that can enhance wound healing by targeting multiple biological pathways. Diabetes, a condition affecting over 530 million people in 2024, disrupts the natural wound-healing process through persistent hyperglycemia, which leads to poor circulation, impaired immune function, and elevated oxidative stress. Projections suggest that by 2050, the number of diabetic individuals will rise to 783 million, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and effective solutions to manage diabetic wounds. This paper will explore the factors affecting wound healing in diabetic patients, including glycemic control, vascular complications, and infection risks. It will also examine the mechanisms of action of medicinal plants, focusing on their role in promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and enhancing collagen synthesis. By discussing these aspects, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of medicinal plants as viable options for improving wound healing outcomes in diabetic patients.