Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities

Examination of Phytochemical Composition using GC-MS and Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Indian Geranium Oil against Aeromonas Caviae

Devika Nagappan — 2024-09-25

Geranium oil, extracted from the leaves and flowers of the geranium plant, holds a significant position for its potential health benefits. This essential oil has found utility in both traditional and alternative medicinal practices, showcasing its versatility across diverse healthcare methodologies. This study systematically analyzed the chemical composition of geranium oil, identifying a diverse array of compounds. Notably, Aminoacetonitrile, 3-Nitro-2-methyl propene, and 2,6-Octadiene (E,E) emerged as predominant components in the analysis. These compounds, including acetic anhydride, serve as vital precursors in pharmaceutical drug synthesis and other organic compound formations. The antibacterial efficacy of geranium oil against Aeromonas caviae was evaluated, revealing notable inhibitory effects of 17 mm at an elevated concentration of 30 µg/µl. The mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity may be attributed to bioactive compounds present in geranium oil, such as citronellol, geraniol, and linalool, each known for their antimicrobial properties. Further research is essential to precisely elucidate these mechanisms and comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of geranium oil for potential therapeutic applications.

Navigating the Mauritian Creative Landscape: Insights into Collective Management Organization of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights in Mauritius

Gerard Louise — 2024-09-25

A thorough analysis of collective management organisations (CMOs) in the unique sociocultural and economic context of Mauritius is presented in this article. By employing a comprehensive methodology that encompasses various case studies and qualitative research techniques like interviews and organisational document analysis, it provides significant understanding of the roles, challenges, and impacts of CMOs in directing and balancing creativity in the Mauritius setting. This study sheds light on the complexities and opportunities present in collective management within Mauritius’ dynamic creative sectors through an examination of operational processes, legislative frameworks, and the socio-economic contributions of CMOs. Minimal election attendance, numerous complaints and conflicts, poor enforcement of intellectual property rights, operational inefficiencies, minimal stakeholder involvement, and poor market dynamics are some of the particular challenges that CMOs in Mauritius confront. The modernisation of the legislative framework, the use of technological advancements, capacity building, income stream diversification, public awareness and advocacy campaigns, and the potential for African and regional unity are some of the special opportunities that CMOs have in Mauritius. This paper offers crucial insights for decision-makers, interested parties, and scholars who want to improve the sustainability and efficacy of collective management techniques, with the ultimate goal of promoting an atmosphere that encourages innovation, creativity, and the fair sharing of intellectual property rights in Mauritius.

The Impact on People who Trade on the Fish Species ‘Limnothrissa miodon’ - Kapenta for their Livelihood: Practical Perceptions of Traders of Siavonga

Sumathi K Sripathi — 2024-09-25

Lake Kariba is the world’s largest man-made lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1300km upstream from the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba dam at its north eastern end flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River. Culturally controversial, the local people believed that the construction of the dam would anger the Zambezi river god Nyami-nyami, who rise up and cause the dam would wall to collapse destroying the bridge as well as resulting in floods of catastrophic proportions. It is believed that the Nyami-nyami lives under a rock close to the Kariba dam wall. The rock is called ‘Kariwa’ meaning trap as the local people believed if you canoed past its location you would be sucked down in whirlpool never to be seen again. This where the name Kariba originates from, laced with the local mythology. In the late 1960s a type of fish Limnothrissa miodon locally known as Kapenta was introduced in Lake Kariba from lake Tanganyika. Kapenta is a small sardine fish which supports a large and viable fishery for Zimbabwe and Zambia. Kapenta, a type of fish also known as fresh water sardine has several chemical compositions that help reduce the risk of various diseases including prostate cancer. A recent chemical composition analysis of Kapenta by the National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC) shows a great variation in the nutrient composition for the dry and fresh Kapenta. NFNC principal nutritionist Mr. Musonda Mofu says dry Kapenta contains 209 calories of food energy compared with 85 calories of food energy in fresh Kapenta. In addition dry Kapenta contains 63 grammes of protein and only 16 grams of protein in fresh Kapenta. The paper reflects on the declining population of this small nutrient rich fish due to over-harvesting, climatic changes with increasing temperatures and with the decreasing levels of water storage. A cumulative study on the pattern of nurturing the fish for economic and social flexibility is the main concern of this paper.

Holistic Benefits of Millets in Ayurveda

A Sangamithra — 2024-09-25

An examination of millets and Ayurveda demonstrates a deep relationship that goes beyond simple nutrition and provides a comprehensive approach to health. Ancient small-seeded grains called millets and the traditional Indian medical system known as Ayurveda work together to create a symbiotic relationship that connects health, wellbeing, and sustainable life. This essay explores the nutritional analysis of millets, their medicinal applications in Ayurveda, their health advantages, and the role of Ayurveda in endorsing millets as a mainstay for general well-being.

Mnemonic Kalachakra: A Phenomenological Approach

S. Meenakshi — 2024-10-01

Science fiction traditionally explores the impact of innovations, often set in futuristic contexts.
Claire North’s novel The First Fifteen Lives of Harry August leverages a unique time travel premise
to delve into themes of life’s meaning and personal struggle. It emphasizes subjective experiences
such as emotions and states, aligning with the philosophical movement of Phenomenology.
The protagonist, a ‘mnemonic’ with perfect memory across lifetimes, exemplifies this concept.
This paper examines how the novel’s depiction of ‘Kalachakras’ reflects Sartre’s Existentialism
and Phenomenology, revealing how human existence transcends natural laws and highlighting
the essence of absurdity.

Analysis of Structural, Optical, Morphological and Magnetic Behaviour of Lead Nanoferrite by Two Different Methods

A. Subashini — 2024-10-01

Sol gel and the hydrothermal approach are two distinct techniques that have been successfully used to synthesise lead nanoferrite (PbFe2O4). To determine which of the two approaches is superior, the features of the sample prepared by each have been examined. Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-VIS Spectral investigations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction, and Size, Band Gap Energies, Morphology, and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures were used to determine and compare its various aspects.
The mean diameters of the synthesised lead ferrite nanocrystalline were found to be 33 nm for the sol gel method and 20 nm for the hydrothermal method, respectively, based on X-Ray Diffraction analysis using Debye-Scherer’s formula with the peak. FTIR spectra are used to analyse the
vibration characteristics of nanomaterials. The optical characteristics of the synthesised nanomaterials, such as their Energy Band Gap, were determined using UV-VIS Spectral investigations. SEM is used for surface morphological investigations, allowing the structure of the synthesised nanomaterials to be studied. Using VSM, the magnetisation of the produced nanomaterials was examined, and the hysteresis loops were used to calculate the saturation magnetisation (Ms), coercivity (Hc), and retainivity (Mr).

Availability Problem of Drinking Water in an Urban Area - Effects of Family Size and Monthly Income: An Empirical Study

L. Suprabha — 2024-10-01

The availability of water is a major problem faced by the urban masses and policy makers. Bridging the gap between the demand for and supply of water is a major policy decision confronted by the urban authorities. The ever-increasing urban population and shift in occupational structure results in the increased demand which confronts with lagging supply of water which needs immediate policy attention. The present study is based on the survey of households in urban areas who have piped water connections in their homes. 600 households were selected at random from the total connections available. The data is analysed using the x2 test. The present study aims at examining the relation between size of the family and income of the respondents with that of severity of availability problem of water and comes to the conclusion that severity problem is not connected with the size of the family size but it is connected with the family income of the consumers.

Korvais in Karnatak Music - Improvisation through Training

J. Balaji — 2024-10-01

Korvai is a Tamil word meaning joining or beading. When rhythmic syllables are joined or beaded together in a logical development and culminate in a structural format of definable Purvanga and Uttaranga then they can be termed as Korvai. Korvais form an essential part of every Karnatak concert. They are being extensively used by Vocalists, Instrumentalists and various types of percussion artistes also. Since, Korvai is an integral and important aspect of a concert, there is a necessity to analyze the process of making them and also quantify them for easier approaches to its various types. There are two parts in a Korvai, that are generally being used to identify them distinctively. They are Purvanga (the first part or the introductory part) and Uttaranga (the ending part or the subsequent part). The purvanga and uttaranga are constant factors irrespective of the rhythmic structure or Tala structure. Same Purvanga can be used with different Uttarangas for same tala or extended to other talas as well. Such being the case, the purvangas and uttarangas are clearly quantifiable in terms of numbers and rhythmic phrases or combination of phrases. When a number is being used, there can be logical build up and hence this article explores such logical build-up using numbers in a structured way converted as cognizable rhythmic varieties. Talas are cyclical in nature having specified fixed number of beats per cycle. For a tala which is having 9 beats per cycle, the total number for 3 or 4 cycles can be calculated by simple multiplication. For example, for 4 cycles the total would be 36 beats. Whenever calculations are made mostly they are done on either as number of beats or on pulses. Both methods can be employed for quick results. In the above case, there were 36 beats which can give us 144 pulses (36 X 4).The purvanga can be anything like 108 and the uttaranga can be 36. The general ratio of purvanga and uttaranga could be 60:40 or 70:30 for. Longer Purvangas of 90:10 or shorter purvangas of 20:80 are generally not preferred. This article also covers various examples where different combinations are improvised. Different types of korvais can also be made using such improvisations.

A Study on Mental Health Problems faced by the People of the Coastal Areas of Uvari, Tamilnadu, due to their Living Conditions

Disny Soosai Jeyafred — 2024-10-01

This study explores the mental health challenges faced by people living in coastal areas due to their unique living conditions. Performance attainments relational to mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influences cognition, perception, behavior, and the management of stress, relationships, and decision-making. It involves aspects such as subjective well-being, self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, and self-actualization. This research explores how cultural differences, subjective assessments, and varying theoretical perspectives shape the definition and experience of mental health. The study focuses on the impact of climate change, natural disasters such as tsunamis high tidal impact on the shore line, and other environmental factors on the mental and economic health of coastal communities. However, it examines early signs of mental health issues, including sleep disturbances, work-stress and fatigue, further, assessing how these factors interplay with the economic challenges faced by residents in these vulnerable areas.

Unique and Scintillating Dance of Saptha Vidanga Sthalas

S Subbulakshmi — 2024-10-01

The dance, Tandava, or the cosmic dance of Nataraja symbolizes the balance and rhythm of the universe, the rhythm of life, and the perpetual flow of energy in the universe. The Dance with subtle, intricate movements of the cosmos could be interpreted as ‘Micro Dance’. The dance of Saptha vidanga sthalas are graceful movements which are characterized by delicacy, precision, and attentiveness to subtle nuances and rhythms of Nature. Ajapa Natanam of Tyagaraja is a subtle and rhythmic breathing movements which are very minute and imperceptible. Tharanga Natanam of Nãgaikkãronam is a delicate sensitive up and down micro movements of waves in a rhythmic pattern with troughs and crests. Kukuda Natanam of Thirukkãrãyil is a sensitive up and down movement of musical notes and is a dance of distinct rhythm, with sharp notes with gradual intensity and crescendo to lower note. Brunga Natanam of Thirukkolili is the graceful movement of a bee to a hypnotic rhythm with its up and down movement of wings which cannot be measured. Kamala Natanam of Thiruvãymur is a subtle, undulating movement of the lotus by a gentle breeze passes over, reflecting the gentle rhythm of the nature. Hamsapãda Natanam of Vedaranyam is the rhythmic gait of a swan, a distinctive swaying motion embodies a sense of tranquillity and beauty. Unmattha Natanam of Thirunallar is the movement of ecstasy, a movement of intense pleasure and profound spiritual experience and emotions.

Concept Development on Early Childhood Education: Awareness, Dialogic Inclusion and Practice

G Panneerselvam — 2024-10-01

This review article concentrated solely on concept development in early childhood education. Children’s concept development is critical, and it serves as a foundation for perceiving topic information for improved learning in higher levels of schooling. This article proposes dialogic inclusion as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of early childhood education by helping children acquire concepts effectively. As a start-up, the present system of early childhood education was brushed up with its aims and criteria for meeting the key topics. Simultaneously, core concepts such as classification, patterning, structure, and reasoning were discussed in relation to their nature, and the existing teaching procedure for the aforementioned concepts in early childhood was thematically represented. The dialogic inclusion, its awareness, and the existing system of childhood education in India with regard to concept development were reviewed, and dimensions of concepts were paragraphed. The phase of ‘dialogic inclusion’ in concept formation in education at the early childhood level was then disclosed, along with the themes’ relevance.

Porutham - Creating varied Rhythmic Cadences with Chart Templates

J Balaji — 2024-10-01

Porutham is a Tamil word meaning ‘matching’. The word has varied meanings according to the context in which it is used in Tamil language. Porutham in Astrology means ‘match making between two astrological charts’ at the time of marriage. Porutham also means perfectly matched partners or friends. ‘Nalla Porutham’ is the phrase which means ‘Good Match’. It also means that it will be ideally suited for the particular object.
Musically ‘Poruthams’ can be used as part of various cadential forms like Korvai, short ending items like Muktayi, theermanam, arudi etc. This can also be used in ‘Jati Pallavis’, in the Pallavi portion of Ragam, Tanam, Pallavi and in Kritis where neravals are sung. Porutham is generally done as a rhythmic exercise, where Jatis are employed when a percussion artiste uses Poruthams and Swaras are used when a Vocalist/instrumentalist uses them.
This article also covers various examples covering porutham ideas for various kritis where neravals are popularly sung. Sample kritis have been taken from different Talas like Adi Tala, Rupaka Tala and Misra Chaapu Tala. Ragam-Tanam-Pallavis and Jati Pallavis have not been covered in this article, as we propose to cover them extensively in a separate article.

Paradigm Shift of Social Work Profession: In Context of Indian Social Work Education

Pankaj Kamal Shankar Kumbhar — 2024-10-01

The social work profession is founded on a scientific understanding of human relations and aims to support individuals or groups in exercising their freedom and satisfaction within society. It began as a charitable endeavor and developed into a way to shed light on social issues and give people the confidence they needed to deal with life’s unexpected turns in a positive way. As a human services profession, social work addresses micro-to-macro-level societal issues and works to implement necessary reforms. The distinctive core values of social work education, along with its own methodological technique known as the basic along with the auxiliary methods, contribute to the creation of new opportunities for humankind. The development of a PSW (Professional Social Workers) competent cadre through social work education holds the potential to effect tangible changes in society and human existence. However, the main issues with social work education are the lack of originality in curricula and moral guidance for educators and practitioners. The PSWE (Professional Social Work Education) System is primarily related to training methodology, but there have been other issues with social work education as well, like outdated curricula, specialized courses that aren’t relevant, and improper fieldwork components. In order to prepare the next generation of PSW having the necessary knowledge, abilities, and attitudes, the current paper offers insights into the challenges facing PSWE. In order to produce more capable change agents, the paper attempts to shed light on the requirement to update the professional social work education training methodology. This paper also gives an overview of the PSWE development in India, sheds light on the true issues facing the field, and offers solutions for improving the field’s responsiveness to societal demands.

The Role of Language in Forming Identity Crisis in Belgaum District of India

Vikas Dnyandeo Haspe — 2024-10-01

The Belgaum District in India provides a unique case study of phonetic and identity challenges. This area, characterized by its diverse linguistic landscape, is marked by significant cultural and political tensions rooted in language differences. The Marathi-Kannada linguistic divide has been a central issue, affecting the socio-political dynamics and identity of its residents. This paper explores the historical, cultural, and political factors contributing to the ongoing conflict and investigates the pivotal role of language in shaping the identity crisis in Belgaum District. By analysing the relationship between language, regional identity, and socio-political movements, the study highlights the broader implications for regional unity and identity development, emphasizing the role of language in forming group identities and the challenges posed by linguistic diversity in building a cohesive regional identity.

Analytical Study on the Impact of Teaching-Learning of ‘Transformation Geometry’ in Secondary Schools in General using Van Hiele’s Model

H Catherin — 2024-10-01

An analysis of the methods involved in the teaching-learning of the topics related to Transformation Geometry’ is one of the topics in mathematics in which learners have not been performing very well. The purpose of the study is aimed to identify the difficulties of the learners encounter when learning transformation geometry using Van Hiele’s model. Data was analysed through a process of coding, categorizing, clustering and performance indicators corresponding to the Van Hiele’s model were used in the analysis of data. The result of the study indicated that learners, experienced difficulties to solve problems involving enlargement transformation geometry problems. Learners struggle to grasp the fundamental concepts of enlargement, particularly with the concept of the centre and scale factor. The study findings revealed the challenges faced by the students in comprehending geometrical figures that were transformed to a larger dimension. The Learners inability to understand the steps of transformation geometry because they had insufficient background knowledge on the topic is taken to relevance in this paper writing. The study focuses on the limitations, challenges and remedies being intended for better learning prospects.

Overview of Mobile Cloud Computing: Learning Prospects, an Essentiality to Realism of the Digital World

J Arockia Venice — 2024-10-01

This paper has been worked on the relational significance of ‘Cloud Computing’ as a newer innovation of the digital world is a supportive system that enhancing the storage capacity of resources and data as needed by individuals who believes in its usage. Most effectively, the new concept ‘Cloud Computing’ has been designed to strengthen the network of communication transfer much faster and safer with more storage possibilities. The framework of this identity enables integrated systems to create a wider scenario of computer’s working space to equip effective processes of mobile cloud computing. The trends of this new technology is most favored among all groups of people and in different organizations as it provides security and privacy for the information stored. The paper explicates on the efficiency and efficacy of cloud computing with its potential usage. The necessity of such a service serves the background of necessity in the globalized digitized scenario. It also will investigate the current state of mobile cloud computing security and privacy, with a focus on the risks and vulnerabilities associated with this technology. It also discusses potential solutions and best practices for protecting mobile cloud users and their data that will give the asset to findings identified. This paper proposes several measures including secure communication protocols, strong authentication mechanisms, data encryption and user awareness with linked deliberation to education. In conclusion, it is clear that Cloud Computing is an innovative and evolving field and it requires a comprehensive approach to protect the users and their data for futurity which is the relevance to contribution from this paper.

Artificial Intelligence and Humans: Assessing the Effects on Privacy and Freedom

Binu Joseph — 2024-10-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary area that integrates elements from several domains. Sometimes, it is also called deep learning or machine learning. And it can simply be referred to as making machines capable of thinking like humans and acting like humans. The process of AI involves developing specific algorithms in order to solve complex tasks that are difficult for humans. With the advancement of innovative technologies, the role of machines has become an inevitable factor in almost all fields of human life. AI has emerged as a super-intelligent mechanism that can solve many issues and find solutions suddenly and promptly. However, such an application of AI has also created numerous challenges against human rights. The greatest threat posed by the use of AI is the infringement of individual freedom and privacy. AI has now enabled the management of many human activities, and this management has led to excessive control of machines over human affairs. AI can gain access to individuals’ personal lives without their consent. Data protection is another challenge of AI, as it can violate individuals’ privacy and freedom. The detractors of AI argue that it has no respect for individuals’ emotions and social values because most of the AI is generated through such algorithms. This paper discusses how AI impacts human activities by compromising individuals’ privacy and freedom. Similarly, it discusses AI regulatory mechanisms that have been taken at national and global levels. Furthermore, it provides key recommendations in order to regulate the excess interference of AI technology over human affairs.

Predicting Drug Addiction in Students using Artificial Intelligence: A Machine Learning Approach

Jwala Jose — 2024-10-01

This paper presents a novel approach leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to predict drug addiction among students. The proposed methodology involves the collection of comprehensive data encompassing various factors such as demographics, socio-economic status, academic performance, family history of addiction, peer influence, mental health status, and substance use history. Following data preprocessing and feature selection, different ML algorithms including logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and neural networks are trained and evaluated to identify the most effective model for prediction. The developed model is deployed into a user-friendly interface, enabling early intervention and prevention efforts to mitigate the risks associated with substance abuse among students. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy, fairness, and transparency are also addressed throughout the study. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in predicting drug addiction in students, thereby contributing to proactive interventions for promoting student well-being and health.

Resistance to Oppression in The Book of Negroes by Lawrence Hill

S. Udhayakumar — 2024-10-01

This article explores Lawrence Hill’s historical fiction, The Book of Negroes, a retelling of the brutality of slavery. This fictional slave narrative captures the voice of a slave girl, yearning for freedom and identity. Hill portrays the experiences of slavery, freedom, and her struggle and fight against oppressive forces by narrating her journey from being a slave to becoming an empowered woman who spoke for her people. The novel highlights that her education helped her significantly combat all the oppressions she faced. Furthermore, book captures the physical, sexual, emotional, religious, and economic violations that led to her enslavement. Notably, the metanarrative in the novel explicates the components of resistance literature, leaving space for a critical interpretation of the text and deep understanding of the counter narratives against the imperial forces and abolitionists. As a result, the study categorizes the novel primarily as a resistance narrative, as encapsulated by Barbara Harlow in her seminal work, Resistance Literature.