Mythological Elements in Bhakti Literature: A Study Based on Āṇḍāl’s Tiruppāvai

Abstract

The Bhakti movement in Tamil literature, founded upon the devotional hymns of the Nayanmars and Alwars, employed mythological narratives as a vital medium for articulating and disseminating religious philosophy. Both Saivism and Vaishnavism strategically utilized myths to reinforce doctrinal principles and to cultivate devotional fervor, particularly during the Pallava period when Bhakti literature flourished. In their efforts to revive Saivism from competing religious traditions, and to enhance devotional sentiment while revealing theological truths, the Nayanmars and Alwars integrated numerous mythological concepts into their works. Within this tradition, Andal—the sole female among the twelve Alwars—composed two significant texts, Nachiyar Thirumozhi and Thiruppavai. In Thiruppavai, Andal discusses the ritual of Paavai Nombu while simultaneously exalting Krishna, weaving into her verses multiple mythological references to his greatness. This study examines the myths articulated in Thiruppavai, employing explanatory and historical methodologies. The primary sources for this research are Thiruppavai itself and its traditional commentaries.