Courtesans in Sangam Literature - Inner Conflict
Keywords:
Parattaiyar (Courtesans) in Tamil Society, War, Slavery, and Gender Relations, Women in Ancient Tamil Culture, Social Stratification and Exploitation, Gender and Power in Historical Context
Abstract
When men from one ethnic group went to war against another ethnic group, they defeated the men in that group and brought back not only the goods from the defeated ethnic group but also the women there as slaves. The women who were brought in this manner were kept separately. Later, the men there had sexual relations with these women. These women came to be called by the general term 'parattaiyar' (courtesans) over time.
References
Tholkappiyam – Poruladhikaram, Verse 360.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.17.
Ibid., p.17.
Ibid., p.17.
*Natrinai* 216:3–5.
*Ainkurunuru* 88.
*Akananuru* 76:10–13.
*Ainkurunuru* 77:1–4.
*Ainkurunuru* 78:1–4.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.21.
*Natrinai* 150.
*Ainkurunuru* 86:2–4.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.25.
Ibid., p.25.
*Kalithogai* 69:7–10.
*Kalithogai* 71:21–25.
*Akananuru* 216:14–16.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.17.
Ibid., p.17.
Ibid., p.17.
*Natrinai* 216:3–5.
*Ainkurunuru* 88.
*Akananuru* 76:10–13.
*Ainkurunuru* 77:1–4.
*Ainkurunuru* 78:1–4.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.21.
*Natrinai* 150.
*Ainkurunuru* 86:2–4.
Sivaraj, T., *Sangha Ilakkiyathil Ulayviyal* (Psychology in Sangam Literature), p.25.
Ibid., p.25.
*Kalithogai* 69:7–10.
*Kalithogai* 71:21–25.
*Akananuru* 216:14–16.
Published
2018-10-01
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