Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research

Film Music Songs in Tamils life: Featuring Vairamuthu's Lyrics

2025-05-08T09:19:28+00:00

How did Vairamuthu's achievements as a poet in composing Tamil film lyrics come about?Where did Vairamuthu's poetic words originate? The crisis in the Tamil film industry during the 1980s created a lyricist named Vairamuthu out of necessity. At the same time, Vairamuthu, as an individual, transformed film music into a masterpiece. The changes that have occurred from Sangam Age to the present time in songwriting in Tamil literature are reviewed using Vairamuthu's film lyrics.

Tholkaapiyar's Theory of Kalaviyal in ‘Thenkoodu’ Poetry

2025-05-08T09:19:28+00:00

S.Seeni Naina Mohamed is a well-known poet and grammarian in Malaysia. In 2011, the ‘Thenkoodu” Tamil Anthology book was published. This Tamil Anthology book consists of Tamil Tradition Poetries which was written by the poet Seeni Naina Mohamed himself from the year 1958 until the year 2011. The poems in this book are written based on language, sociology, nature, and 12 other themes. This book”s ‘Love” themed poems have been chosen for this research. On the other hand, ‘Kalaviyal” is one of the parts in Tholkappiyam”s Porulathikaram which will explain the lifestyle of lovers, the ‘Aṉpiṉ aintiṇaikaḷ”. It has to be said that, Tholkaappiyar”s Kalaviyal theory was identified in S. Seeni Naina Mohamed”s ‘Love” themed poems in the ‘Thenkoodu” Tamil Anthology book. Furthermore, Tholkappiyar has stated 4 types ofKaḷavoḻukkam, which there are Kāmam puṇarcci, Iṭantalaippaṭal, Pāṅkoṭutaḻā”al, and Tōḻiyiṟkūṭṭam. This study identifies how the Kāmam puṇarcci and Iṭantalaippaṭal were described based on Tholkappiyar”s Kalaviyal theory in those S. Seeni Naina Mohamed”s ‘Love” themed poems in the ‘Thenkoodu” Tamil Anthology book. Hence, this research was designed as library research and uses the qualitative method to carry out this objective. Articles and books based on Tholkaapiyar”s Kalaviyal Theory and ‘Thenkoodu” Tamil Anthology book were used as the primary resources in this study.

Concubine in Sangam Literature

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

We know from the Tolkappiyam”s Concubine that in ancient society, the hero had relations with a woman other than his wife, the Concubine (Asainayaki). The Tolkappiyam”s Poruliyal 172-th verse explains that a concubine and a hero have all the duties and rights that a concubine can have. People like Ilparathai, Kamakkizhathi and Kadarparathai are chaste. They do not indulge in pleasure with any man except a hero. They are now given the names of Aasinayagi, Chinnaveedu, Vaipatti, and Koothi. Sangam literature also shows the prostitutes, i.e., the prostitutes, as another category. Moreover, Concubine are women whom the hero marries without anyone knowing or only with the knowledge of a few people. The evidence for this is the songs 36, 46, 66, 166, and 206 of the Akananuru and the song 313 of the Natrinai. The 16th heroine of the Akananuru would not have called the hero”s Concubine ‘Engaiyar”. Therefore, it is clear that Concubine s is not ‘prostitutes”. It is not only the heroine who grieves over the separation from the hero, but sometimes the Concubine as well. This sorrow can be found in the songs 90, 216 of the Natrinai, 238 of the Kurunthokai, and 146 of the Akananooru. If the Concubine were prostitutes, this sorrow would not have afflicted them. This makes it clear that the Concubine were not prostitutes. There are no records in the Sangam literature of a hero taking another man”s wife as his Concubine.

Salmavin Padaippugalil Samoogach Chinthanaigal

2025-05-23T10:38:00+00:00

It’s a scholarly paper analyzing the social consciousness in the poetry of salma, a prominent Tamil poet. The paper discusses themes like:It’s a scholarly paper analyzing the social consciousness in the poetry of salma, a prominent Tamil poet. The paper discusses themes like:

• The necessity and struggles of women’s education.

• The plight of transgender individuals.

• Issues in medical education and student suicides.

• Exploitation of women and natural resources.

• Citizenship challenges faced by Indian Muslims.

• Economic and social marginalization of oppressed communities.

• Problems of substance abuse and child abandonment.

• The necessity and struggles of women’s education.

• The plight of transgender individuals.

• Issues in medical education and student suicides.

• Exploitation of women and natural resources.

• Citizenship challenges faced by Indian Muslims.

• Economic and social marginalization of oppressed communities.

• Problems of substance abuse and child abandonment.

• The conditions of sanitation workers.

‘Paska’ Theatre: Tamil Cultural Valus – Politics – Counter Politics

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

Paska is a theatrical form that tells the story of Jesus’ suffering. It was introduced to the Tamils during the time of the Portuguese. From the time of its introduction, the Tamils adopted the form of Paska. They carried it out with Tamil cultural values. They transformed it into a Tamil Paska, incorporating an emotional belief and ritual into more than just a theatrical performance. Since this Paska system is based on the death of Jesus, most of the death rites among the Tamils are included in it. Anthropologists refer to this as ‘Inculturation’. This research talks about these Tamil values. The institutionalized Catholicism that followed this system of Tamil culture did not fully accept it. So the Catholic Church banned the Paska and introduced a new type of Paska. Within the new system, anything related to Tamil culture was removed and the Paska was designed as a mere theatrical performance. The Paska system, which was a community Theatre, was later institutionalized. This article examines this trend of Paska with its contradictions.

Nationalism in the Songs of Subramania Bharathi and Assamese Poets: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

India stands as a confluence of diverse languages, cultures, and traditions. Its literature, from ancient times to the present, reflects this diversity and has evolved in ways that express patriotism. Indian literature is a comprehensive collection of literary works composed in the various languages of India. It includes classical literature, ancient epics, devotional songs from the Bhakti movement, anti-colonial writings, post-independence literature, and modern social critiques. Indian literature, rich in linguistic diversity, serves as a significant medium for expressing social, cultural, political, and nationalistic ideas. Patriotism refers to a deep, selfless love and attachment to one’s motherland. This has emerged as a prominent theme in many Indian literary traditions, particularly before and after the country’s independence. In this context, Tamil and Assamese literatures feature numerous works where writers, drawing from their own socio-cultural backgrounds, have created literature centred on patriotism. This article explores how Tamil and Assamese literatures reflect patriotism in the post-independence and contemporary contexts of the Indian freedom movement, adopting a comparative approach to analyse key poets, poems, and the literary expressions of national consciousness.

Comparison between the Human Translation and Machine Translation

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

The Tamil language boasts the oldest tradition of translation efforts among Indian languages. The grammar for translation was established as early as the Tolkappiyam. Initially, most literary works translated into Tamil were adaptations of other languages, with Sanskrit having a significant influence. It was only after the arrival of the British that Tamil literature began to get translated into other languages. Translating a language’s literature involved going to the respective country, residing there, learning the language, and overcoming various difficulties before the translations could be accomplished.However, in the 21st century, translation has become simpler, largely due to internet-based machine translations. In the current trend, artificial intelligence makes the translation even easier. But how far it is authenticated stands a big question. There are many challenges in the internet-based machine translations. In the coming times, it should be able to overcome the complexities of literary translation activities and be somewhat equivalent to human translations. For this, internet-based Tamil studies should be increased. Tamil has moved beyond palm leaves and touched the internet. When internet-based Tamil studies are increased, most of the problems in language operations will also be solved.

Women’s Life in the Five Fold

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

The world is made up of five Buddhas. Nature has evolved with various forms on its surface. Forest, mountain, plain, sea, sandy plain are located in this landscape. Ancient women lived their lives in harmony with nature, dividing them according to the fivefold nature, naming them according to their environment, and understanding their profession. Women do many jobs for the betterment of their family and support men and feel their duty. Kurinchi land has a hunting community system, Mullai land has a cattle community system, Maruta land has an agricultural community system and Weaving land has a trading community system. Kurinji and Mulla will be marked as Tripe Palai Land and Midwan. Through the five parts divided in this way, the civilization, location, customs, festivals, professions etc. of the people can be known. A girl lives under the protection of a nartai from childhood and after a certain period under the protection of her respective chief. The purpose of this article is to explore the careers and life evolutions of such women and to take their five-dimensional lifestyle and world life thoughts

Women’s Life in the Five Fold

2025-05-08T09:19:29+00:00

This study explores the portrayal of Indian widows in Malaysian Tamil folk songs, highlighting their suffering, marginalization, and societal restrictions. Widows are depicted as enduring profound grief, social exclusion, and strict cultural norms, including the removal of the thaali, restrictions on clothing and adornment, limited access to nutritious food, and a life of hardship. The verses in these folk songs vividly express their sorrow, with some widows lamenting their fate and others wishing for death alongside their husbands. By analyzing these themes, this research examines how Malaysian Tamil folk songs reflect the struggles of widows and reinforce traditional beliefs that subjugate them. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of widowhood in Tamil folk traditions and its implications for Indian women in Malaysia.

Islamic Teachings in the Lullabies of Sri Lankan Rural Muslims: A Literary Review

2025-05-10T05:55:23+00:00

In the literary world, each community travels with a unique literary background. This background is revealed when they articulate religious principles through literature. The rural Muslim community in Sri Lanka has sung lullabies that represent a part of folklore. While these songs fulfill the primary purpose of putting children to sleep, examining these literary works analytically allows us to view them through various methodologies including linguistics, philosophy, and ethics. This research subjects the Islamic teachings as embodied in the lullabies of Sri Lankan rural Muslims to content analysis and critical review.