Existential, Dehumanization and Rresponsibility in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

Abstract

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis stands as one of the most profound and symbolic works of modern literature, exploring themes of existentialism, alienation, and dehumanization. The novella narrates the story of Gregor Samsa, a diligent traveling salesman who awakens one morning to find himself transformed into a monstrous insect. This absurd and unexplained metamorphosis serves as a powerful metaphor for the meaninglessness and isolation characteristic of modern existence. Viewed through an existentialist lens, Gregor’s transformation compels him to confront the fragility of identity and the absence of inherent purpose in the universe. His identity, previously defined by his role as the financial provider for his family, collapses when he becomes physically incapable of fulfilling his responsibilities. Their reaction exposes a society that values individuals primarily for their economic utility rather than their intrinsic humanity. Through Gregor’s tragic fate, Kafka presents a stark critique of modern social structures and underscores the existential struggle to find meaning in an indifferent world.